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    Progress and prospect in planetary exploration of solar system
    YANG Mengfei, ZHENG Yanhong, NI Yanshuo, HUANG Xiaofeng, ZHANG Zhengfeng, XING Zhuoyi
    Chinese Space Science and Technology    2023, 43 (5): 1-12.   DOI: 10.16708/j.cnki.1000-758X.2023.0063
    Abstract521)      PDF(pc) (10199KB)(681)      
    Planetary exploration is an important means of humans to understand the universe.With the continuous development of space technology,major space countries have carried out more than 100 planetary exploration activities in the solar system.Humans have realized the flyby,orbiting,lander,rover and sample return missions of solar system.Based on the implemented planetary exploration activities and upcoming missions,the main scientific issues and discoveries of planetary exploration were summarized.And the development tendency of planetary exploration was analyzed.According to the recent development plan of planetary exploration in China,a medium to longterm conceiving route and flagship mission have been proposed.It can provide support for the planning of future planetary exploration missions in China.
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    Research progress and prospect of spacecraft reconfiguration technology
    PENG Qibo, WU Xinfeng, WANG Beichao, LI Shuang
    Chinese Space Science and Technology    2023, 43 (2): 16-31.   DOI: 10.16708/j.cnki.1000-758X.2023.0017
    Abstract492)      PDF(pc) (6523KB)(637)      
     Spacecraft reconfiguration technology is the key technology that must be broken through for the in-orbit service of spacecraft and other major space missions,having a profound effect on the design,research and development of new spacecraft systems.Firstly,the connotation and classification of the spacecraft reconfiguration were presented.Then,the domestic and overseas research status of the technology was systematically concluded and discussed based on main structure reconfiguration and other typical technologies.Next,the system of the spacecraft reconfiguration technology was proposed based on the methods such as standardized modular design,and then application prospects were summarized in the aspects such as supporting fault elimination of spacecraft.Finally,overall research progress of the reconfiguration technology was concluded,and future development was also expected.
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    Progress and prospect of lunar resources exploitation and utilization
    YANG Mengfei, ZOU Zhigang, WANG Weihua, YAO Wei, WANG Qinggong
    Chinese Space Science and Technology    2024, 44 (1): 1-10.   DOI: 10.16708/j.cnki.1000-758X.2024.0001
    Abstract349)      PDF(pc) (4467KB)(459)      
    With the implementation of the Chang′E-5 mission in 2020,the three phases of China lunar exploration program,namely orbiting,landing and returning,have been completed.Next,the International Lunar Research Station(ILRS)will be established at the lunar south pole by 2030,and a lunar base will be planned later.It is a new era of exploitation and utilization of the Moon,in which a vast tasks should be completed.In this paper,we summarized some important progresses of investigation of lunar resources in the past,including lunar resource exploration,analysis of lunar volatiles,mineral extraction,and material construction by 3D printing of lunar regolith.Then,we proposed future tasks for the exploitation of the lunar resources.The main challenges of the Moon,such as the extreme lunar environment,unique properties of lunar regolith,and autonomous control of the process,were considered.The views in this paper can be referenced for future scientific researches and engineering tasks in the field.
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    Development of advanced electric propulsion technology for cislunar and deep space exploration
    WU Chenchen, GENG Hai, WANG Zitong, LI Detian
    Chinese Space Science and Technology    2023, 43 (5): 13-23.   DOI: 10.16708/j.cnki.1000-758X.2023.0064
    Abstract272)      PDF(pc) (7207KB)(404)      
    Space electric propulsion is the key technology of cislunar and deep space exploration.Space electric propulsion technology,one of the key technology of cislunar and deep space exploration,was focused on.The technical connotation of space electric propulsion and its application status in China was introduced,and the typical international cislunar and deep space exploration missions based on electric propulsion was analyzed from the dimensions of mission characteristics,electric propulsion configuration,and application benefits.Aiming at the future development needs of China’s deep space exploration,the optimization application stratrgies of electric propulsion were introduced for five typical scenarios: lunar exploration,asteroid exploration,human Mars exploration,solar system boundary exploration and cislunar space scientific exploration,and the key technical systems and development priorities of advanced electric propulsion for deep space exploration were sorted out.Finally,according to the development idea of “one medium,one super,one micro”,suggestions on space electric propulsion technology development were given,which provide a reference for a wider range of applications of space electric propulsion in the field of cislunar and deep space exploration.
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    Application and development of high-precision Hall electric propulsion technology
    LIU Qi, MAO Wei, HU Peng, WEI Yanming, HU Yanlin, LI Yong, BIAN Bingxiu, LIU Xuhui
    Chinese Space Science and Technology    2023, 43 (2): 1-15.   DOI: 10.16708/j.cnki.1000-758X.2023.0016
    Abstract327)      PDF(pc) (8062KB)(394)      
    Under the application background of modern global communication and navigation,the abilities of precise orbit prediction and real-time orbit control of satellite platforms request better performances such as thrust accuracy and resolution ratio,so it is significant to construct high-precision electric propulsion system.According to the survey of the space application demand and the research status of electric propulsion technology,it is demonstrated that the output accuracy of thrust under current technology can not satisfy requirements of missions such as the high-precision continuous navigation,the real-time drag compensation of super low orbit satellites and imaging during the movement of high-resolution remote sensing satellites.Taking the Hall effect propulsion system as the research object and focusing on the technical difficulties of high-precision electric propulsion system,the research status at home and abroad was depicted,the development trends and the research routes of the key techniques were analyzed and discussed from the aspects of electric thruster technology,mass flow control technology,power supply and control technology as well as testing technology.The future focal directions of research and development were suggested for high-precision electric propulsion technology.
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    3D printing densification of lunar regolith simulant
    LIU Yiwei, ZHANG Xian, WANG Chao, SONG Jian, CHEN Xiong, Yao Wei
    Chinese Space Science and Technology    2023, 43 (6): 66-73.   DOI: 10.16708/j.cnki.1000-758X.2023.0085
    Abstract164)      PDF(pc) (7898KB)(359)      
    The insitu 3D printing of lunar regolith(additive manufacturing)can realize the in-situ construction of the lunar base and the insitu manufacturing of key components,and can greatly reduce the cost and risk of the lunar exploration mission.A selective laser melting lunar regolith simulant experiment system was built to carry out single-track molding experiments to explore the effect of the first powder layer thickness on the densification of the sample,while the width and depth of each track were measured.The results show that the width of the single-track decreases with increasing scanning speed until the width is almost constant.At the same laser power,the single-track depth becomes deeper as the first powder layer thickness increases.The singletrack depth increases and then decreases with the increase in scanning speed.The density of a single-track can reach 2.5g/cm3,and the relative density is 86%.As the scanning speed increases,the density of single-track for different layer thicknesses is stabilized at 1.7g/cm3.When the first layer of powder is thinner,the density of single-track is also slightly higher than other layer thicknesses.
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    Opportunities and challenges of longdistance high-capacity continuous wireless power transmission
    LI Ming, DONG Shiwei, SHI Dele
    Chinese Space Science and Technology    2023, 43 (3): 1-13.   DOI: 10.16708/j.cnki.1000-758X.2023.0033
    Abstract287)      PDF(pc) (1058KB)(356)      
    Long-distance high-capacity continuous wireless power transmission(WPT)is one of the candidate routes to realize space-based solar power exploitation and carbon neutrality.Firstly,the application demands and development opportunities were introduced with specific technical requirements for practical applications of long-distance high-capacity continuous WPT.Secondly,the international state-of-the-art research progress was reported.Then technical challenges were discussed,with respect to development trend and application needs.And toward these challenges,development suggestions were proposed.
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    LEO constellation configuration design method with constant trajectory of subsatellite points
    ZHANG Yasheng, JIA Lu, YU Jinlong, LIANG Shuang
    Chinese Space Science and Technology    2023, 43 (3): 116-122.   DOI: 10.16708/j.cnki.1000-758X.2023.0044
    Abstract281)      PDF(pc) (5014KB)(342)      
    An analytical design method for the LEO constellation configuration with constant trajectory was provided,where all satellites share a common subsatellite trajectory and the trajectory is fixed.The constellation configuration was coded with two parameters,the regressor and the number of satellites.Firstly,based on the idea of average orbital elements,an analytical model of repeat ground track orbit design was established under the condition that the harmonic order of the Earth’s non-spherical perturbation band is J4.Secondly,according to the relative motion law of the satellite and Earth,the analytical formula satisfying the common trajectory condition was established.Finally,the constellation configuration design model of the LEO constant trajectory constellation was constructed by combining the concept of repeat ground track orbit design and common trajectory design.The ultimate simulation results show that the configuration design method meets the design expectation,which verifies the effectiveness of this configuration design method.The constellation configuration is characterized by simple form,easy maintenance,and wide coverage.It guarantees the consistency of orientation between the space system and ground system,which greatly reduces the complexity of satellite-ground system cooperation.
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    Software defined TT&C system architecture and key technology
    LI Chao, JIAO Yiwen, FU Shiyuan, WU Tao
    Chinese Space Science and Technology    2023, 43 (3): 14-24.   DOI: 10.16708/j.cnki.1000-758X.2023.0034
    Abstract251)      PDF(pc) (6999KB)(333)      
    In order to meet the rapidly changing needs of civil and commercial aerospace TT&C and the explosive growth of TT&C tasks caused by the rapid development of small satellites and large constellations,software-defined technology,which is considered a revolutionary technology that changes the rules of the game,was introduced from the internet industry into aerospace TT&C systems,a software-defined aerospace TT&C system architecture was proposed,and a new round of technological innovation in the TT&C system was realized.Firstly,the architecture and existing problems of the traditional TT&C system were analyzed,and then the technical characteristics of the software-defined aerospace TT&C system were discussed,such as hierarchical design standards,open application interfaces,centralized system control,and flexible reorganization of basic resources.Then,the advantages of the architecture and four key technologies including standard interfaces and specifications,software-defined RF front-end,software-defined channel and softwaredefined baseband were analyzed,and the development of software-defined TT&C system was prospected.The research results show that compared with the traditional TT&C system,the software-defined aerospace TT&C system architecture can better meet the needs for TT&C resources of the growing aerospace industry.
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    Research and prospect of scientific exploration for Jovian system
    ZOU Xin, PENG Jing, MIAO Yuanming
    Chinese Space Science and Technology    2023, 43 (6): 1-10.   DOI: 10.16708/j.cnki.1000-758X.2023.0078
    Abstract263)      PDF(pc) (3340KB)(315)      
    In order to make a better plan for China′s scientific exploration for Jovian system,the development status of foreign Jovian system exploration missions were investigated and analyzed.Among the nine space missions that explored Jupiter and its satellites so far,seven are flyby missions.The other two are Galileo and Juno particularly for Jupiter.The Scientific goals,payloads configuration and exploration results were extracted and generalized.The mission characteristics and enlightenment of scientific exploration for Jovian system were obtained.Finally,on the basis of the above analysis and pending problems,the primary mission layout and prospect of scientific exploration for Jovian system in China were proposed.
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    Forthcoming development trend of spaceborne SAR technology for earth environment monitoring
    DENG Yunkai, ZHANG Heng, FAN Huaitao, YU Weidong, WANG Yu, TANG Xinming, GE Daqing, XU Feng, LIU Guoxiang
    Chinese Space Science and Technology    2023, 43 (2): 32-46.   DOI: 10.16708/j.cnki.1000-758X.2023.0018
    Abstract288)      PDF(pc) (20989KB)(308)      
    Focusing on the problems in the microwave remote sensing earth observation in terms of information dimension,inversion accuracy,observation efficiency and system architecture,several future spaceborne SAR technologies for comprehensive environmental monitoring were discussed based on the research achievements of the national key research and development program which was named as “Earth Environment Monitoring with Advanced Spaceborne Synthetic Aperture Radar”.In terms of ultra-large-width SAR imaging,a design scheme of segmented gradual variable pulse repetition frequency(PRF)sequence and a low-oversampling variable PRF data processing algorithm based on optimal linear unbiased estimation were proposed to realize large-scale wide-area spaceborne SAR imaging across blind areas.In terms of high-sensitivity SAR imaging,an intermediate-frequency digital beamforming(DBF)efficient on-board real-time processing architecture and a rapid generation algorithm for weighting factors were proposed,and the 16-channel airborne data were used to verify that the image signal-to-noise ratio was increased by about 11.2dB.In terms of multi-polarimetric SAR imaging,a compact polarization decomposition algorithm and a hybrid full-polarization azimuth ambiguity suppression method were proposed respectively,which were verified in the P/L band airborne flight test.In terms of high-precision interferometric SAR technology,a tomographic SAR processing method based on an improved phase compensation scheme was proposed,and the P-band full-polarization tomographic SAR data was used to verify that the forest height retrieval accuracy was better than 0.9meters.In terms of comprehensive environmental monitoring constellation architecture design,for wide-area surface elevation,surface deformation,wave spectrum energy,ocean current velocity,and biomass applications,a high-resolution wide-range SAR satellite solution with a quality factor of 100 was  completed,and the performance was greatly improved compared with in-orbit SAR satellites.
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    Satellite fault detection method based on time-series modeling
    YANG Kaifei, HAN Xiaodong, LYU Yuancao, XU Nan, GONG Jianglei, LI Xiang
    Chinese Space Science and Technology    2023, 43 (2): 93-102.   DOI: 10.16708/j.cnki.1000-758X.2023.0024
    Abstract273)      PDF(pc) (4514KB)(299)      
    A kind of satellite fault detection method was introduced to handle the problems of relying on rule database,insufficient multi parameter fusion and unbalanced distribution of data samples in satellite fault detection.The semi-supervised model was constructed based on time-series characteristics of satellite data and was proposed to achieve effective excavation of satellite data rules and data driven fault detection.Considering the temporal correlation between satellite data,this kind of fault detection method was proposed based on long short-term memory network.Also,a sliding window mechanism was involved for better predicting and detecting efficiency.Considering the correlation between multiple parameters as another dimension,temporal convolutional network(TCN) and auto-encoder network were used to excavate the correlation between historical data and different parameters at the same time.Experimental results show that the proposed model is superior to traditional fault detection models such as BP neural network in key indicators.
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    Key technologies and progress of inertial sensors for space gravitational wave detection
    WU Shufan, ZHANG Qianyun, LIU Meilin, SHEN Qiang
    Chinese Space Science and Technology    2023, 43 (4): 1-12.   DOI: 10.16708/j.cnki.1000-758X.2023.0048
    Abstract242)      PDF(pc) (6507KB)(298)      
    Space inertial sensor is one of the key science payloads in space gravitational wave detection mission,aiming to detect infinitesimal change in gravitational wave.The research progress,detection principle and working mechanism of the inertial sensor were introduced and discussed to illustrate its technical challenges.The key technologies of the inertial sensor design were illustrated in three aspects:capacitance displacement sensing,electrostatic feedback control and ground evaluation.Then,the development and research status of inertial sensors worldwide were reviewed and summarized.It could be seen that the residual acceleration noise was the key indicator of the inertial sensor.It reached 3×10-15m/(s2·Hz1/2) orders of magnitude abroad.There are three orders of magnitude deficit between domestic and abroad.Thus,the study on high precision space inertial sensor has great strategic and scientific significance.To meet the needs of inertial sensors in China's future space gravitational wave detection missions,the research can focus on inertial sensor control system strategy,AC actuator parameter optimization,multi-degree-of-freedom decoupling control technology,and low noise technology.
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    A review of motion control methods of macro/micro space manipulator systems
    YIN Wang, WANG Xiang, WANG Wei, LIU Dongyu
    Chinese Space Science and Technology    2023, 43 (4): 13-23.   DOI: 10.16708/j.cnki.1000-758X.2023.0049
    Abstract206)      PDF(pc) (5711KB)(288)      
    A single manipulator can hardly meet the growing demand for space missions.In order to improve the comprehensive performance of the manipulator system,such as rapid response,high precision and large load,several countries begin to develop macro-micro manipulator systems.The development status of macro-micro manipulators on the International Space Station and Chinese Space Station was reviewed,and the motion control methods were summarized from separated time independent control mode and coordinate control mode.When the macro-micro manipulator adopts the mode of time-separating and independent control,it can be equivalent to a flexible base manipulator system.The control algorithms of flexible structure mounted manipulator systems were researched from the perspectives of optimal reaction control,active damping control and end-point trajectory tracking control.The research provides reference for on-orbit operation of China′s space manipulator.Finally,the future research prospect of dynamic modeling and motion control of space macromicro manipulator were looked into.
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    Autonomous integrity monitoring of integrated micro-inertial navigation system
    MENG Fanchen, SONG Jianmin, XING Chaoyang, WANG Wei
    Chinese Space Science and Technology    2024, 44 (1): 34-43.   DOI: 10.16708/j.cnki.1000-758X.2024.0004
    Abstract137)      PDF(pc) (10483KB)(284)      
    Aiming at the problem of future multi-domain high-intensity operations,such as strong confrontation,multi-platform,miniaturization and clustering,a high-density integrated micro-inertial navigation autonomous integrity monitoring algorithm was proposed,which relys on the optimal estimation theory.It analyzes the information sources of measurement errors that may appear in the micro-inertial navigation system,performs pre-check selection by optimizing the number of subsets,and uses Newton′s identity to optimize the engineering computational complexity to achieve the purpose of fault detection and elimination.Compared with the traditional MHSS algorithm,the computational complexity in micro-system could be greatly reduced,small-error and multi-error fault observations could be effectively detected simultaneously,which improves integrity and robustness of high-density integrated micro-inertial guidance and navigation systems.
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    Simulation and analysis of thermal state for micronano satellite
    YAN Xinqing, LI Yaqi, ZHANG Chenxi, HUANGFU Zhongmin, ZHANG Ning, LIU Xuemei
    Chinese Space Science and Technology    2023, 43 (3): 35-42.   DOI: 10.16708/j.cnki.1000-758X.2023.0036
    Abstract210)      PDF(pc) (4863KB)(280)      
    The satellite thermal control system achieves the purpose of controlling the temperature level and temperature stability of the star by regulating the process of heat collection,transfer and emission on the satellite.It is very important to analyze the on-orbit thermal state of the satellite and to adjust and evaluate the thermal control measures based on the analysis results.Aiming at the key problems of thermal state analysis of low-orbit micro-nano satellites,the calculation method of the extra-space heat flow experienced by the satellites in orbit was given.On this basis,the temperature influencing factors and heat transfer characteristics were considered,and the instantaneous temperature calculation model of the satellite shell,radiator,internal environment,and internal and external stand-alone units were established.Taking an LEO(low earth orbit)micro-nano satellite as an example,the simulation calculation was carried out,and the results were analyzed and discussed,which provides a fast and simple analysis method for further indepth study of the thermal control design of the satellite.
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    Maintenance system design and verification for space station manipulator end-effector
    ZHU Chao, ZHANG Wenming, HU Chengwei, TANG Zixin, LIANG Changchun, KONG Xu, LI Delun, WANG Youyu, ZENG Lei, ZHANG Xinrui
    Chinese Space Science and Technology    2023, 43 (5): 79-86.   DOI: 10.16708/j.cnki.1000-758X.2023.0071
    Abstract179)      PDF(pc) (6685KB)(277)      
     Maintenance is very important to extend the life span of the space station robotic arm.Aiming at the maintenance of the end effector of the robotic arm of the space station,the onorbit maintenance and repair tasks that have been completed on the International Space Station were investigated,and a scheme for the maintenance of the end effector of the robotic arm of the space station was proposed.Using the method of four-party collaborative operation,the system was carried out in a specific maintenance area to carry out systematic maintenance of the end effector of the robotic arm.The endeffector fault handling plan,maintenance strategy,maintenance tools,maintenance process and verification method were put forward,and a set of virtual maintenance simulation platform was built.The typical operation actions of the endeffector were verified by maintenance simulation,and the maintenance of the end effector of the manipulator was tested and verified by building a simulated maintenance scene on the ground.The results show that the operability,accessibility,visibility and safety of the maintenance of the end effector of the manipulator all meet the requirements.It can provide design guidance for the followup space station robotic arm maintenance work.
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    Internal anti-collision safety analysis of LEO large-scale satellite constellation
    YUN Chaoming, HU Min, RUAN Yongjing, XUE Wen
    Chinese Space Science and Technology    2023, 43 (5): 35-45.   DOI: 10.16708/j.cnki.1000-758X.2023.0066
    Abstract220)      PDF(pc) (6196KB)(266)      
    Aiming at the collision safety of large-scale constellation satellites in low Earth orbit(LEO),the maximum drift of constellation configuration was studied.Firstly,the minimum phase difference of satellite orbit plane was calculated based on the spherical triangle theory.Secondly,the constellation configuration parameters were studied by using the control variable method.The influence of configuration parameters on the minimum phase difference of constellation satellites was analyzed,and the relationship between the right ascension drift and the minimum phase difference was analyzed.A cooperative design method of constellation configuration parameters based on the minimum phase difference was proposed.Then,based on the relative phase analysis method,the function relationship between the right ascension drift and the phase drift with time was established.Finally,the first phase of Starlink constellation was taken as a reference object to verify the rationality of the collaborative design method of configuration parameters.
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    Design and simulation of two-phase thermal control system for space high power source
    LIU Qingzhi, YANG Changpeng, XU Kan, ZHAO Xin
    Chinese Space Science and Technology    2023, 43 (4): 104-110.   DOI: 10.16708/j.cnki.1000-758X.2023.0058
    Abstract143)      PDF(pc) (4605KB)(255)      
    Scheme of pumped two-phase loop with micro-channel evaporator,phase change device and radiator was brought forward to solve the thermal control problem of high power source applied to spacecraft in the future.Simulation was conducted to research characteristics and thermal control capability of two-phase loop with Sinda/Fluint thermal analysis software.The results are consistent with prediction,and temperature of the heat sources is under control.The conclusion is drawn that excessive drive capacity of pump results in bigger temperature difference of two-phase loop by simulation.Effect of heat transfer capacity of evaporator and phase change device on thermal control system was analyzed and suggestions were given.
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    System design and key technologies of Terrestrial Ecosystem Carbon Inventory Satellite
    CAO Haiyi, ZHANG Xinwei, HUANG Jin, HE Tao, MAO Yilan, LU Qingrong
    Chinese Space Science and Technology    2023, 43 (6): 112-124.   DOI: 10.16708/j.cnki.1000-758X.2023.0090
    Abstract194)      PDF(pc) (7752KB)(253)      
    The Terrestrial Ecosystem Carbon Inventory Satellite(TECIS),nicknamed “Goumang” ,is supported by the China National Civil Space Infrastructure Program.It focuses on evaluating the carbon sink of forests,and is equipped with 4 payloads including Carbon Sinks and Aerosol LIDAR(CASAL),Directional Multi-Spectral Camera(DMC),Fluorescence Spectral Imager(FSI)and Directional Polarization Camera(DPC).Adopting diversified remote sensing of lidar,multi-direction,multi-spectrum,hyper-spectrum and polarization,aboveground biomass(AGB),solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence(SIF)and aerosol content can be measured quantitatively by the combination of active and passive remote sensing.Retrieval products of TECIS are published after calibration and validation.The precision of forest mean height is better than 1.5m where ground slope is less than 5°.AGB products in regional scale are inspected to be better than 85%.TECIS will provide remote sensing service in investigating the carbon sink,ecological conditions and resources,and evaluating national major ecological projects.It will play a vital role in the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals of China.
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