中国空间科学技术

中国空间科学技术 ›› 2022, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (2): 22-29.doi: 10.16708/j.cnki.1000-758X.2022.0018

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

气体介质对排气式气囊缓冲特性影响研究

李博，竺梅芳，雷江利，何青松，王飞   

  1. 北京空间机电研究所，北京100094
  • 出版日期:2022-04-25 发布日期:2022-03-30

Influence of gaseous medium on cushion characteristics of airbags

LI Bo, ZHU Meifang, LEI Jiangli, HE Qingsong, WANG Fei   

  1. Beijing Institute of Space Mechanics＆Electricity，Beijing 100094，China
  • Published:2022-04-25 Online:2022-03-30

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摘要： 中国新一代载人飞船试验船研制过程中开发了一套组合式缓冲气囊。以新飞船返回舱为研究对象，通过流体力学和热力学理论推导，建立了含有内囊的组合式气囊缓冲过程动力学模型，并通过MSCDytran对其有效性进行了验证。之后通过仿真计算，分析了影响气囊缓冲特性的两项气体固有参数——气体自由度与摩尔质量——对气囊缓冲过程的影响。研究结果表明，相比气体自由度，摩尔质量对气囊缓冲特性影响更大，气体摩尔质量越小，气囊的排气速度越快，所需的排气口面积越小；但通过调整气囊的排气口面积，几种常见的气体可作为气囊缓冲介质实现相近的缓冲效果，其中由气囊缓冲介质不同导致的缓冲过载与反弹速度的最大偏差分别不超过02g与012m/s。研究结果可以为缓冲气囊工程应用中气体介质的选择提供一定参考。

关键词: 气体, 气囊, 动力学, 缓冲特性, 排气口面积

Abstract: China has developed a set of combined cushioning airbags for the test ship of its new human spacecraft. The return cabin of the new spacecraft was taken as research object, and a dynamic model of the cushioning process of combined airbags with inner airbags was established based on the theories of fluid mechanics and thermodynamics. Then, the validity of this model was verified by MSCDytran.Through simulation calculation, the influence of two inherent gas parameters that affect the airbag cushioning characteristics, gas freedom and molar mass, was analyzed. The research results show that, compared with the degree of gas freedom, molar mass has a greater impact on the cushioning characteristics, i.e. the smaller the molar mass of the gas, the faster the exhaust speed of the airbag and the smaller the required vent area. But by adjusting the vent area of airbags, several common gases can be used as airbag cushioning medium to achieve similar cuadjusting shioning effects. The maximum deviations of buffer  and rebound speed do not exceed 02g and 012m/s respectively. Research results of the article can provide references for the selection of gas medium in engineering applications of cushion airbags.

Key words: gas, airbag, dynamics, cushion characteristics, vent area