中国空间科学技术

中国空间科学技术 ›› 2024, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (2): 1-15.doi: 10.16708/j.cnki.1000-758X.2024.0017

• 综述 •    下一篇

空间目标天基光学定位方法综述

李瑶，陈忻，饶鹏   

  1. 1 中国科学院智能红外感知重点实验室，上海200083
    2 中国科学院上海技术物理研究所，上海200083
    3 中国科学院大学，北京100049
  • 出版日期:2024-04-25 发布日期:2024-04-09

Review of space target positioning algorithms based on space-based optical detection

LI Yao，CHEN Xin，RAO Peng   

  1. 1 Key Laboratory of Intelligent Infrared Perception，Chinese Academy of Sciences，Shanghai 200083，China
    2 Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics，Chinese Academy of Sciences，Shanghai 200083，China
    3 University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences，Beijing 100049，China
  • Published:2024-04-25 Online:2024-04-09

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摘要： 近年来空间目标定位领域不断结合网络协同、多模融合等探测技术，发展迅速。其中，基于天基光学探测的定位方法以隐蔽性好、测量精度高的独特优势在民用和国防领域应用广泛。为了分析不同情景下适用于不同类型目标的定位方法，针对基于天基光学探测的空间小目标定位进行综述。首先介绍天基光学探测技术的发展、空间目标的分类和特点以及空间目标定位的概念。然后着重分析适用于空间“小、弱”目标的单星和多星定位方法，并对近年提出的异质传感器联合定位展开说明。最后，依据成像过程建立空间目标定位误差分析模型，分析定位精度的影响因素占比并根据现存问题做出总结和展望。

关键词: 天基光学探测, 空间运动目标, 小目标, 定位方法, 定位精度

Abstract: In recent years，the field of space target localization has developed rapidly by integrating detection technologies such as sensor-network collaboration and multi-mode fusion.Positioning methods based on space-based optical detection are widely used in civil and national defense fields with their unique advantages of good concealment and high measurement accuracy.In order to analyze the localization methods suitable for different types of spatial targets in different scenarios，small space target positioning methods based on space-based optical detection were reviewed.Firstly，the development of space-based optical detection technology，the classification and characteristics of space targets，and the concept of space target localization were introduced.Secondly，the positioning methods based on single satellite or multi-satellites suitable for small and weak spatial targets were analyzed.The joint positioning of heterogeneous sensors proposed in recent years was explained.Besides，the error analysis model of spatial target positioning was established according to the imaging process.The proportion of factors influencing positioning accuracy was analyzed.Finally，the summary and outlook were made based on the existing problems.

Key words: space-based optical detection, spatial moving target, small target, positioning method, positioning accuracy