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火星盘缝带伞跨声速风洞试验研究

高树义1,2 戈嗣诚2 梁艳2   

  1. (1西北工业大学航天飞行动力学技术重点实验室,西安710072)
    (2北京空间机电研究所,北京100094)
  • 收稿日期:2015-02-06 修回日期:2015-05-12 出版日期:2015-08-25 发布日期:2015-08-25
  • 作者简介:高树义 1973年生,2006年获国防科学技术大学飞行器设计专业硕士学位,现为西北工业大学飞行器设计专业博士研究生。研究方向为飞行器设计。

ResearchonTransonicWindTunnelTestsofMarsDisk-Gap-BandParachutes

GAOShuyi1,2 GESicheng2 LIANGYan2   

  1. (1NationalKeyLaboratoryofNorthwesternPolytechnicalUniversity,Xi′an710072)
    (2BeijingInstituteofSpaceMechanics&Electricity,Beijing100094)
  • Received:2015-02-06 Revised:2015-05-12 Published:2015-08-25 Online:2015-08-25

摘要: 火星着陆器在进入减速着陆过程中降落伞是必需的气动力减速装置,然而火星大气的特殊性使得火星降落伞开伞工作时具有超声速、低密度、低动压的特点,因而火星降落伞的构型、参数选择非常关键。文章在对火星盘缝带伞进行理论分析和国际应用研究的基础上,选取四种典型结构参数的盘缝带伞型,即常规透气量和低透气量的探路者型和海盗型伞型,在中国国内首次进行了亚-跨声速风洞试验,对这四种伞型在亚-跨声速下的阻力特性和稳定性开展研究。风洞试验采用横梁式测力天平测量阻力,同时用影像设备观察伞的摆动角度。研究结果表明,盘缝带伞的跨声速段阻力系数与理论值基本相符,能够满足火星环境下的减速需要;盘缝带伞随阻力系数增加稳定性降低,设计中必须兼顾考虑。

关键词: 进入减速, 盘缝带伞, 跨声速, 风洞试验, 火星着陆器

Abstract: IntheMarsentrydeceleratelandingprogram,theparachuteisakeyinstrumentoftheaerodynamicdeceleratorsystem.BecauseoftheparticularityoftheMarsatmosphere,theparachuteusedfortheMarsmissondeploysunderthesupersonic,lowdensity,lowdynamicpressureconditions.SotheconstructionandsizingoftheMarsparachuteismuchimportant.TheMarsparachutetechnologywasinvestigatedandanalyzedbyfourtypesofparachute,consideringthediskbandarearatioandporosityofthecanopymaterial.Todeterminethedragandstaticstabilityofthevarioustypesofdisk-gap-bandparachutemodel,theMarsparachutetransoniccharacteristicstestinChinawasfirstlyconducted.Thefronttrussandwindtunnelbalancewasusedtomeasuretheaxisforceontheparachutemodel,andthephotographywasusedtoobservetheangleofattackoftheparachute.Thetestresultsshowthat,thetransonicdragcoefficientofthedisk-gap-bandparachuteaccordswiththetheoreticaloneandcansatisfytheMarsmissionrequirements.Itisalsoobservedthatthereductionofstabilityofthedisk-gap-bandparachuteisaccompaniedbytheincreasingofthedragperformance.

Key words: Entrydecelerate, Disk-gap-bandparachute, Transonic, Windtunneltests, Marslander