中国空间科学技术

中国空间科学技术 ›› 2022, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (1): 1-15.doi: 10.16708/j.cnki.1000-758X.2022.0001

• 综述 •    下一篇

低轨巨型星座构型设计与控制研究进展与展望

阮永井，胡敏，云朝明   

  1. 航天工程大学，北京 101416
  • 出版日期:2022-02-25 发布日期:2022-01-27
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金（61403416）

Advances and prospects of the configuration design and control research of the LEO mega-constellations

RUAN Yongjing, HU Min, YUN Chaoming   

  1. Space Engineering University, Beijing 101416, China
  • Published:2022-02-25 Online:2022-01-27

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摘要： 近年来低轨星座计划发展迅速，低轨巨型星座已成为全球争夺空间战略资源的“新战场”。首先，概述了Telesat、OneWeb、Starlink等低轨巨型星座计划的发展现状，以及中国互联网星座计划的基本情况。在此基础上，分别从星座的任务需求、覆盖特性、摄动补偿和备份策略4个方面，综述了星座的构型设计方法及其特点。然后，根据卫星从发射入轨到离轨整个星座构型的控制流程，梳理了低轨巨型卫星星座的初始化控制、保持控制、重构控制，以及卫星的碰撞规避控制和离轨控制的方法和特点。最后，对未来低轨巨型星座构型设计和构型控制技术的研究方向进行了展望。

关键词: 低轨巨型星座, 星座构型设计, 任务需求, 覆盖特性, 摄动补偿, 备份策略, 星座构型控制

Abstract: In recent years, the LEO constellation programs have developed rapidly and become a “new battlefield” in the global competition of space strategic resources. Firstly, up-to-date status of LEO megaconstellations was described, and the current status of LEO mega-constellations in China was introduced. Configuration design methods and characteristics of constellation were summarized from four aspects, including mission requirements, coverage characteristics, perturbation compensation and spare strategy. Then, according to the whole control process of satellite constellations configuration from orbit to departure, the methods and characteristics of initialization control, stationkeeping control, reconfiguration control, constellation collision avoidance control and de-orbit control were reviewed. Finally, the future research aspects of the configuration design and configuration control technology of the LEO mega-constellations were looked into.

Key words: LEO mega-constellations, constellations configuration design, mission requirements, coverage characteristics, perturbation compensation, spare strategy, constellations configuration control