中国空间科学技术

中国空间科学技术 ›› 2022, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (4): 129-145.doi: 10.16708/j.cnki.1000-758X.2022.0060

• 可展开空间结构专栏 • 上一篇    下一篇

航天器大尺度部件折叠展开原理分析及应用

张元勋*，徐莉萍，陈国辉，谢更新，杨小俊   

  1. 1 重庆大学 航空航天学院，重庆400044   2 重庆大学 教育部深空探测联合研究中心，重庆400044   3 西安空间无线电技术研究所，西安710100
  • 出版日期:2022-08-25 发布日期:2022-08-09

Analysis and application of deployment principles of large-scale spacecraft parts

ZHANG Yuanxun*，XU Liping，CHEN Guohui，XIE Gengxin，YANG Xiaojun   

  1. 1 College of Aerospace Engineering，Chongqing University，Chongqing 400044，China   2 Center of Space Exploration of Ministry of Education，Chongqing University，Chongqing 400044，China   3 Academy of Space Information Systems，Xi′an 710100，China
  • Published:2022-08-25 Online:2022-08-09

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摘要： 围绕航天器向大尺度、远距离发展所涉及的大尺度部件在轨展开技术中新工艺、新材料、新结构等，对现有航天器大尺度部件的折展机构进行了统计与分析，系统梳理了在轨航天器折展机构的技术参数、结构与组成等。介绍了折纸艺术、自回弹材料与记忆合金等新工艺、新材料在航天器太阳帆板、天线等大尺度部件上的应用。重点分析并梳理了新型结构的特性及其工作原理，包括：充气展开式、单轴旋转式、径向扩展式、单元重构式、延长伸展式等。最后，结合即将开展的载人登月与月球基地建设、太阳系探测等深空探测任务，对在轨航天器大尺度部件的折展结构与机构的发展趋势进行了展望。

关键词: 航天器, 折纸艺术, 自回弹, 记忆合金, 折展机构

Abstract: Based on the new technology，new material and new structure of the in-orbit deployable mechanism of large-scale spacecraft components involved in the development of spacecraft towards large scale and long distance，the deployable mechanism of large-scale components on the existing spacecraft was analyzed statistically，and the technical parameters，structures and compositions of foldable mechanisms of in-orbit spacecraft were systematically combed.The application of new craft and materials including origami art，self-rebound materials and shape memory alloys in large-scale components，such as solar sails and antennas of spacecraft，was introduced.The characteristics and working principle of new structures including inflatable type，axial rotating type，radial expansion type，reconfigurable type，linear elongation type，etc，were analyzed and combed.Finally，in conjunction with the upcoming moon landing，construction of a lunar base，exploration of solar system and other deep space exploration missions，the trend of development about the large-scale components of in-orbit spacecraft was prospected.

Key words: spacecraft, origami art, self-rebound, shape memory alloy, deployable mechanism