中国空间科学技术

中国空间科学技术 ›› 2024, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (1): 23-33.doi: 10.16708/j.cnki.1000-758X.2024.0003

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跨临界CO2热泵空间应用研究展望

牛子天，付振东，苗建印，杨琦，吴琪，杨乐   

  1. 1.北京空间飞行器总体设计部，北京100094
    2.空间热控技术北京市重点实验室，北京100094
  • 出版日期:2024-02-25 发布日期:2024-02-01

Research progress of transcritical carbon dioxide heat pumps in space applications

NIU Zitian，FU Zhendong，MIAO Jianyin，YANG Qi，WU Qi，YANG Le   

  1. 1.Beijing Institute of Spacecraft System Engineering，Beijing 100094，China
    2.Beijing Key Laboratory of Space Thermal Control Technology，Beijing 100094，China
  • Published:2024-02-25 Online:2024-02-01

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摘要： 随着中国深空探测事业的发展，建立月球基地成为未来载人航天活动的趋势，采用基于跨临界CO2热泵的热控系统可以实现高效散热，具备降低辐射器面积和热控系统重量的应用潜力。对跨临界CO2热泵空间应用具备的优势进行了总结，包括实现辐射器高效散热、热泵系统更高性能系数、压缩机体积更小等。同时指出了跨临界CO2热泵空间应用存在的难题，包括现有热力学模型无法适应空间应用、热泵在低/微重力下油气分离效率低等。基于现存的难题，提出了未来的研究重点，以指导跨临界CO2热泵的后续研究及空间应用。

关键词: 跨临界CO2热泵, 月球基地, COP, 航天器热控制, 油气分离, 低/微重力

Abstract: As China′s deep space exploration endeavors advance，establishing lunar bases emerges as a predominant trend in its human spaceflight activities.Employing transcritical CO2 heat pumps as integral components of base thermal control systems presents a viable solution for attaining efficient heat dissipation，offering potential reductions in both radiator area and thermal control system weight.The merits of transcritical CO2 heat pumps in space applications were examined，encompassing aspects such as enhanced radiator heat dissipation efficiency，elevated performance coefficients of heat pump systems（COP），and the concomitant reduction of compressor dimensions.Concurrently，the challenges associated with implementing transcritical CO2 heat pumps in space applications were delineated，including the inadequacy of extant thermodynamic models in catering to the demands of space applications and the suboptimal efficiency of oil-gas separation in low or microgravity environments for heat pumps.Finally，in light of these challenges，prospective research priorities were put forth to facilitate the adoption of transcritical CO2 heat pumps in space applications.

Key words:  , transcritical CO2 heat pump；lunar base；COP；spacecraft thermal control；oil-gas separation；low or microgravity