中国空间科学技术

中国空间科学技术 ›› 2022, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (6): 23-34.doi: 10.16708/j.cnki.1000-758X.2022.0080

• 综述 • 上一篇    下一篇

空间在轨增材制造技术的研究进展与展望

刘洁，时云，崔宇涛，侯娟，张恺，黄爱军   

  1. 1 上海理工大学 材料科学与工程学院，上海200093
    2 上海航天设备制造总厂有限公司，上海201100
    3 上海复杂金属构件增材制造工程技术研究中心，上海201100
    4 莫纳什大学 增材制造中心，克莱顿3168
  • 出版日期:2022-12-25 发布日期:2022-11-09

Research progress and prospect of on-orbit additive manufacturing technology

LIU Jie，SHI Yun，CUI Yutao，HOU Juan，ZHANG Kai，HUANG Aijun   

  1. 1 School of Materials Science and Engineering，University of Shanghai for Science and Technology，
    Shanghai 200093，China
    2 Shanghai Aerospace Equipment Manufacturing Institute，Shanghai 201100，China 
    3 Shanghai Research Center of Additive Manufacturing Engineering Technology for Complex Metal Components，
    Shanghai 201100，China
    4 Monash Centre of Additive Manufacturing，Monash University，Clayton 3168，Australia
  • Published:2022-12-25 Online:2022-11-09

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摘要： 空间在轨增材制造（in-space additive manufacturing，ISAM）技术是一种“空间3D”打印技术，在在轨制造和空间基地建造方面具有很好的应用前景。首先概述了空间在轨增材制造技术的主要内涵，进而全面梳理了国际上空间在轨增材制造技术的研究进展。结合空间站、在轨航天器的需求，重点分析了空间在轨增材制造关键技术对其原材料、技术手段以及设备的要求，在此基础上梳理了空间在轨增材制造技术现阶段面临的挑战。综合表明，特殊的空间环境（微重力、高真空等）都在紧密限制着空间在轨原材料、设备以及技术的选用。最后，基于当前空间在轨制造技术的发展现状、需求以及可能的实现途径，为中国空间在轨增材制造技术的未来发展指明了新的方向。

关键词: 在轨制造, 空间环境, 任务需求, 航天应用

Abstract: In-space additive manufacturing technology is a “space 3D” printing technology，which has attracted major attention due to its application in on-orbit manufacturing and space base additive manufacturing.The basic concepts were introduced and the progress of space on-orbit additive manufacturing technology in the world was summarized.With the requirement of space stations and on-orbit spacecraft，the significant challenge of in-space additive manufacturing was the raw materials，printing technology and equipment.This was attributed to the unique feature of the space environment，including microgravity and high vacuum，etc. Finally，based on the current development status，requirements，and possible implementation paths of in-space onorbit manufacturing technology，the development direction of in-space additive manufacturing was pointed out.

Key words: on-orbit manufacturing, space environment, mission requirements, space applications