中国空间科学技术

中国空间科学技术 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (3): 1-8.doi: 10.16708/j.cnki.1000.758X.2025.0033

• 空间原位资源利用专题 •    下一篇

月壤玻璃的结构和力学性能

陈自强1，赵勇1，池祥1，闫玉强1，沈杰2，邹敏杰1，赵少凡3，刘明3，姚伟3，张博1,*，柯海波1，马秀良1,2，白海洋1,2,3,*，杨孟飞3，邹志刚3,4，汪卫华1,2,3
  

  1. 1.松山湖材料实验室，东莞523808
    2.中国科学院物理研究所，北京100190
    3.中国空间技术研究院 钱学森空间技术实验室，北京100094
    4.南京大学 现代工程与应用科学学院，南京210093
  • 收稿日期:2024-10-18 修回日期:2024-12-09 录用日期:2024-12-13 发布日期:2025-05-15 出版日期:2025-06-01

Structure and mechanical properties of lunar glasses

CHEN Ziqiang1，ZHAO Yong1，CHI Xiang1，YAN Yuqiang1，SHEN Jie2，ZOU Minjie1，ZHAO Shaofan3，LIU Ming3，YAO Wei3，ZHANG Bo1,*，KE Haibo1，MA Xiuliang1,2，BAI Haiyang1,2,3,*，YANG Mengfei3，ZOU Zhigang3,4，WANG Weihua1,2,3   

  1. 1.Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, China
    2.Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
    3.Qian Xuesen Laboratory of Space Technology, China Academy of Space Technology, Beijing 100094, China
    4.College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
  • Received:2024-10-18 Revision received:2024-12-09 Accepted:2024-12-13 Online:2025-05-15 Published:2025-06-01

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摘要： 玻璃是月壤的主要组成部分，其以小尺寸的颗粒和胶结物等多种形态广泛混存于月壤之中，具有良好的空间适用性。月壤良好的玻璃形成能力使其成为制备空间用玻璃材料的首选原材料，然而受限于微纳制样和检测手段的不足，以往鲜有关于月壤玻璃力学性能研究的报道，严重制约了此类玻璃材料的服役评价。基于此，通过微纳制样和力学测试结合透射电镜表征，对5个典型嫦娥五号月壤玻璃颗粒的微观结构、力学性能及二者之间的关联性进行了系统研究。结果表明，月壤玻璃具有“灵活多变”（由均匀到纳米尺度不均匀）的非晶结构和宽泛可控的力学性能（硬度范围为（6.1±0.4）～（8.4±0.2）GPa，模量范围为（48.5±1.9）～（88.4±2.4）GPa）。此外，月壤玻璃的硬度和模量发生了奇异的解耦现象，即回春（加热至玻璃过冷液相区再快速冷却至室温）使其模量大幅降低而硬度变化不大，归因于回春引起的体积膨胀和结构不均匀使月壤玻璃变形模式由致密化向剪切流动转变而带来的硬化效应。研究结果可为空间用高性能玻璃材料的研发提供指导。

关键词: 月壤玻璃, 不均匀性, 硬度, 模量, 解耦

Abstract: Glass, a main component of lunar soil, is widely mixed in various forms like particles and agglutinates of small sizes in lunar soil and has good spatial applicability. The good glass-forming ability of lunar soil makes it the preferred raw material for the preparation of space glass materials. However, due to the lack of micro and nano sample preparation and detection methods, the mechanical properties of lunar glasses are rarely reported before, which seriously restricts the service evaluation of such glassy materials. In this study, the microstructures and mechanical properties of five typical Chang'e-5 lunar glassy particles are systematically studied by means of micro and nano sample preparation and mechanical testing combined with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) characterization. The results show that the lunar glasses have flexible and changeable (homogeneous to nano scaled inhomogeneous) amorphous structures and broad controllable mechanical properties (hardness ranges from (6.1±0.4)GPa to (8.4±0.2)GPa, modulus ranges from (48.5±1.9)GPa to (88.4±2.4)GPa). In addition, there is a marvelous decoupling phenomenon between the hardness and modulus of the lunar glasses, i.e., the rejuvenation process (heating them up to the supercooled liquid region and then cooling down to room temperature at fast cooling rates) greatly reduces the modulus while has much weaker effects on the hardness, which is attributed to the deformation mode changed from densification to shear flow. The rejuvenation process will induce volume expansion and inhomogeneous structure in the lunar glasses, which will facilitate such deformation change, leading to hardening effects. The results can provide guidance for the research and development of high-performance glassy materials for space application.

Key words: lunar glasses, inhomogeneous, hardness, modulus, decoupling, rejuvenation