中国空间科学技术

中国空间科学技术 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (4): 79-87.doi: 10.16708/j.cnki.1000-758X.2025.0060

• 微重力流体科学及其空间应用专题 • 上一篇    下一篇

无排气工质加注与回收技术的地面试验验证

王镇锐，黄力平，何振辉*   

  1. 中山大学 物理与天文学院，珠海519082
  • 收稿日期:2024-05-30 修回日期:2024-08-09 录用日期:2024-09-08 发布日期:2025-07-22 出版日期:2025-08-01

Ground verification of novent fluid filling and recovery technology

WANG Zhenrui，HUANG Liping，HE Zhenhui*   

  1. School of Physics and Astronomy, Sun Yat'Sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
  • Received:2024-05-30 Revision received:2024-08-09 Accepted:2024-09-08 Online:2025-07-22 Published:2025-08-01

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摘要： 无排气加注技术是利用汽液两相工质饱和压力和温度一一对应的特性和蒸发冷凝的特点，实现无运动部件且无须排气降压的两相工质加注技术。为了在地面等效验证在微重力下该回收与加注方法的可行性和效率，通过设计加注工质瓶或回收工质瓶相对于待加注或待回收系统的高度，以尽量抵消重力的影响。在地面重力环境下进行了包括工质R134a、充分除气FC-72和未充分除气FC-72的回收和加注试验。使用系统回路压力和温度分析了工质更换试验过程中回路内部工质输运情况，验证了其压力变化率（小于0.1kPa/s）可作为结束工质加注或回收的判据。结果显示中压、低压两种工质均有超过95%的回收效率和加注效率，达到设计要求。考虑到微重力下，地面管道中的气堵现象消失，从而驱动工质所需的温差更小，即更容易完成工质的更换，可认为采用无排气加注技术开展在轨工质更换可行；工质瓶高度非连续可调是造成不能通过控制液面高度抵消重力影响的主要原因以及加注效率或回收效率测量误差的主要因素；视应用需求，该方法还可被改进并应用到容量更大的工质更换或加注。

关键词: 加注与回收, FC-72, 无排气, 效率, 地面试验

Abstract: No-vent filling technology utilizes the characteristic relationship between the saturation pressure and the temperature of a vapor-liquid two-phase working fluid in an evaporation and condensation system, achieving a fluid filling/refilling technology with neither moving components nor vent requirement for pressure reduction. In order to equivalently verify the feasibility and designed efficiency of the recycling and refilling method in microgravity on the ground, the level of fluid bottle for refilling or recovery is adjustable, with respect to the system to be refilled or recovered, to offset the influence of gravity as much as possible. Recovery and refilling tests for working fluids of R134a, fully degassed FC-72, and insufficiently degassed FC-72 are conducted on ground. The data of pressure and temperature of the loop system are used to analyze the internal transport during the working fluid replacement process. The pressure change rate (less than 0.1kPa/s) is verified to be a qualified criterion to end the filling or recovery. The results show that both fluids working under medium pressure and low pressure can achieve recovery rates and filling rates of over 95%, meeting the design requirements. Considering that the phenomenon of vapor-lock in ground pipelines disappears under microgravity, resulting in a smaller temperature difference required to drive the working fluid, and making it easier to replace the working fluid, it can be considered feasible to use no-vent filling technology for on-orbit working fluid replacement，and that the level of working fluid bottle is not continuously adjustable leads to inefficient offset of the gravity influence, which in turn constitutes the main measurement error of the filling rates or recovery rates. Depending on the application requirements, this method can also be improved and applied to the replacement or refilling of working fluids with larger capacities.


Key words: charging and recovery, FC-72, no-vent, efficiency, ground test