中国空间科学技术

中国空间科学技术 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (6): 71-83.doi: 10.16708/j.cnki.1000-758X.2025.0090

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于监视卫星视场角约束的航天器集群隐蔽机动轨迹规划方法

郑中旭1，白玉铸1,*，陈荣1，周恒1，赵勇1，刘江2   

  1. 1.国防科技大学 空天科学学院，长沙410073
    2.山东航天电子技术研究所，烟台264043
  • 收稿日期:2024-11-25 修回日期:2025-03-07 录用日期:2025-03-15 发布日期:2025-11-17 出版日期:2025-12-01

A covert maneuvering trajectory planning method for spacecraft formation based on field of view constraint of surveillance satellite

ZHENG Zhongxu1，BAI Yuzhu1,*，CHEN Rong1，ZHOU Heng1，ZHAO Yong1，LIU Jiang2   

  1. 1.College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology，Changsha 410073,China
    2.Shandong Aerospace electronic Technology Institute，Yantai 264043，China
  • Received:2024-11-25 Revision received:2025-03-07 Accepted:2025-03-15 Online:2025-11-17 Published:2025-12-01

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摘要： 为维护航天器本体信息和状态信息安全，规避监视卫星的探测监视，提出了一种基于监视卫星视场角约束的航天器集群隐蔽机动轨迹规划方法。首先介绍了航天器集群隐蔽机动任务场景和航天器集群轨迹规划相关方程，随后归纳了Radau伪谱法将连续最优控制问题转化为非线性规划问题的思路和具体步骤。在此基础上，针对固定安装和非固定安装两类传感器安装方式，结合光学传感器探测特性，提出了基于监视卫星视场角约束的航天器集群隐蔽机动轨迹规划方法，通过绕开监视卫星的监视区域从而避免被探测。最后通过综合数值仿真验证了所提算法的有效性，集群成员与监视卫星的最小视线角均大于监视卫星的半视场角，且满足安全距离约束和机动能力约束，航天器集群成功完成预定空间任务且规避了监视卫星探测。通过与形状法轨迹规划结果对比，体现了算法在能耗方面的优势。采用所提的航天器集群隐蔽机动轨迹规划方法可有效避开监视卫星探测监视，使原本不具备隐身能力的航天器实现隐身的效果。

关键词: 监视卫星, 视场角约束, 航天器集群, 隐蔽机动, 轨迹优化

Abstract: To protect the security of spacecraft information and evade the detection and monitoring by surveillance satellites, this paper proposed a method for planning the covert maneuvering trajectory of spacecraft cluster based on the field angle constraint of surveillance satellites. This paper presented the mission scenario of spacecraft cluster covert maneuvering and the relevant equations for spacecraft cluster trajectory planning firstly, and then summarized the concept and specific steps of transforming the continuous optimal control problem into a nonlinear programming problem using the Radau pseudo-spectrum method. Based on this foundation, we developed a method for planning the covert maneuvering trajectory of a spacecraft cluster. This method took into account both fixed and non-fixed sensor installations, combined with the detection characteristics of optical sensors. The approach ensures that the spacecraft cluster evades detection by navigating around the surveillance area of the satellites. Finally, the validity of the proposed algorithm is verified through comprehensive numerical simulation. The minimum line of sight angle between the cluster members and the surveillance satellite is greater than the half-field angle of the surveillance satellite, and the constraints of safe distance and maneuverability are fulfilled. The spacecraft cluster successfully accomplishes the scheduled space mission and evades the detection of the surveillance satellite. Compared with the trajectory planning results of shape method, the advantages of the proposed algorithm in energy consumption are demonstrated. The covert maneuvering trajectory planning method for spacecraft cluster proposed in this paper can effectively prevent the detection and monitoring by surveillance satellites and enable spacecraft without covert capabilities to achieve the covert effect.

Key words: surveillance satellites, field of view constraint, spacecraft cluster, covert maneuvering, trajectory optimization