中国空间科学技术

中国空间科学技术

• 论文 •    下一篇

QZSS导航电文认证服务的性能评估

席锦涛1，刘婷2，陈潇2，姚金杰1,*，苏新彦1   

  1. 1.中北大学智能探测技术与装备山西省重点实验室，太原030051
    2.中国科学院空天信息创新研究院，北京100094
  • 收稿日期:2025-07-10 修回日期:2025-08-27 录用日期:2025-09-04 发布日期:2026-04-09

Performance evaluation of QZSS navigation message authentication service

XI Jintao1，LIU Ting2，CHEN Xiao2，YAO Jinjie1,*，SU Xinyan1   

  1. 1.Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Intelligent Detection Technology and Equipment, North University of China, Taiyuan, 030051, China
    2.Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)，Beijing 100094，China
  • Received:2025-07-10 Revision received:2025-08-27 Accepted:2025-09-04 Online:2026-04-09

PDF (PC)

1

摘要： 针对民用卫星导航信号存在易受欺骗攻击的脆弱性问题，2024年日本准天顶卫星系统（QZSS）开始在L1C/A频点提供导航电文认证服务（QZNMA），大幅提升QZSS系统抗欺骗能力。针对QZSS椭圆曲线数字签名（ECDSA）认证服务的性能评估，研究了QZSS导航电文认证技术架构与认证协议，分析了基于ECDSA认证协议的认证电文生成及认证流程，同时进一步基于实测数据生成带有认证数据的模拟导航电文，并仿真验证了QZNMA认证服务性能。结果表明，QZNMA认证错误率为1.48%（BER=10-5）、认证时间间隔为240s、首次认证时间为260.71s，与Galileo公开信号电文认证服务相比，QZNMA存在明显差距。研究成果可为未来北斗卫星导航系统电文认证服务认证协议的选择提供参考借鉴。


关键词: 卫星导航, 准天顶卫星系统, 导航电文认证, 椭圆曲线数字签名, 认证性能评估

Abstract: In response to the vulnerability of civilian satellite navigation signals to spoofing attacks, Japan's Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS) began to provide the Quasi-Zenith Satellite Navigation Message Authentication (QZNMA) on the L1C/A frequency in 2024, which greatly enhanced the QZSS system's anti-spoofing capabilities. To evaluate the performance of the Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA) authentication services, the QZSS navigation message authentication technical architecture and authentication protocol are studied, the generation of authentication messages and authentication process based on the ECDSA authentication protocol are analyzed, and simulated navigation messages with authentication data are generated using actual measurement data. The performance of the QZNMA authentication service is then verified through simulation. The results show that the QZNMA authentication error rate is 1.48% (BER = 10-5), the time between authentications is 240 seconds, and that the time to first authentication is 260.71 seconds. Compared with the Galileo Open Service Navigation Message Authentication, QZNMA has significant gaps. The research results can provide reference and guidance for the selection of authentication protocols for future BeiDou Navigation Satellite System navigation message authentication services.

Key words: satellite navigation, QZSS, QZNMA, ECDSA, performance evaluation