中国空间科学技术

中国空间科学技术 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (5): 1-15.doi: 10.16708/j.cnki.1000-758X.2026.0082

• 深空与月球导航技术专题 •    下一篇

月球参考架的实现与发展

黄勇1,2,3,4,*, 郑晋军5，曲伟菁1,2, 常希诺5，耿仁方1,2   

  1. 1.中国科学院上海天文台，上海200030
    2.中国科学院大学, 北京100049
    3.上海市空间导航与定位技术重点实验室，上海200030
    4.中国科学院行星科学重点实验室，上海200030
    5.中国空间技术研究院通信与导航卫星总体部，北京100098
  • 收稿日期:2026-05-08 修回日期:2026-06-23 录用日期:2026-07-10 发布日期:2026-09-23 出版日期:2026-09-30

Lunar reference frame: realization, development and future perspectives

HUANG Yong1,2,3,4,*，ZHENG Jinjun5，QU Weijing1,2，CHANG Xinuo5，GENG Renfang1,2   

  1. 1.Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200030, China
    2.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China 
    3.Shanghai Key Laboratory of Space Navigation and Positioning Techniques, Shanghai 200030, China
    4.Key Laboratory of Planetary Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200030, China
    5.Institute of Telecommunication and Navigation Satellites, China Academy of Space Technology, Beijing 100098, 
    China
  • Received:2026-05-08 Revision received:2026-06-23 Accepted:2026-07-10 Online:2026-09-23 Published:2026-09-30

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摘要： 月球参考架是实现高精度月球导航、测绘及科学探测的战略性基础设施。本文系统综述了月球参考架的定义、实现技术与发展趋势。阐述了月球参考架的基本概念，包括月球参考系和月球参考架的区别，重点分析了主轴（PA）坐标系与平均地球/自转轴（ME）坐标系这两种主流定义的实现原理及其相互转换关系。系统梳理了月球参考架的维持与精化技术，涵盖月球激光测距（LLR）、甚长基线干涉测量（VLBI）和摄影测量等技术。探讨了地月导航系统对实现月球参考架的作用，地月导航系统作为地月空间核心基础设施，是构建月球参考架的关键技术支撑。未来月球参考架的发展将聚焦强化高精度观测技术，完善多源数据联合处理，加快标准化进程，强化国际协同，推动国际月球参考架成为全球统一的月球时空基准，服务人类月球探测。

关键词: 月球参考架, 激光测月, 甚长基线干涉测量, 全球卫星导航系统, 地月导航系统

Abstract: The lunar reference frame provides a fundamental infrastructure for high-precision lunar navigation, mapping, and scientific exploration. This paper presents a systematic review of its definition, realization, maintenance, and future development. Firstly, the fundamental concepts of the lunar reference frame are introduced, with a clear distinction between the lunar reference system and the lunar reference frame. Particular emphasis is placed on the two principal realizations currently adopted for lunar geodetic applications, namely the principal axes (PA) frame and the mean Earth/rotation axis (ME) frame, including their defining principles and transformation relationships. Secondly, the techniques used for the maintenance and refinement of the lunar reference frame are reviewed, including lunar laser ranging (LLR), very long baseline interferometry (VLBI), and photogrammetry. Finally, the contribution of the Earth-Moon navigation system to the establishment of the lunar reference frame is discussed. As a key infrastructure for cislunar space activities, such a navigation system provides essential technical support for the realization and long-term maintenance of the lunar reference frame. Future development is expected to focus on enhancing high-precision observation capabilities, improving multi-source data fusion, accelerating standardization, and strengthening international collaboration, thereby advancing the international lunar reference frame as a unified spatiotemporal reference for future lunar exploration. 

Key words: unar reference frame, lunar laser ranging, very long baseline interferometry, global navigation satellite system, Earth-Moon navigation system