Abstract: This paper first defines the composition and types of Venus exploration balloons based on the operational environment of Earth observation balloons, then reviews the characteristics of the Venus atmosphere and its impact on balloon technology. Subsequently, the key technical challenges of adapting balloons to the Venusian atmosphere are addressed. Based on existing Venus and Earth balloon technologies, the study explores crucial aspects of design and technology, including payload design, envelope design, energy systems, temperature control, altitude control, and aerial unfolding and inflation methods. For both high-altitude and low-altitude Venus balloons, the research examines the characteristics of the Venusian atmosphere. Above 50 km altitude, the atmosphere of Venus resembles Earth’s environment, making it easier to adapt Earth-based technologies; however, below 50 km, the atmosphere is characterized by high temperature and pressure with insufficient sunlight. The paper summarizes the technological maturity and engineering feasibility, offering a reference for the development of Venus exploration balloons and the implementation of related scientific missions.

Key words: Venus balloon, Venus atmosphere, envelope design, temperature control, aerial unfolding and inflation