Abstract: An image compression and decompression algorithm of RBC(resampling based compression)is introduced,and a VLSI design and hardware implementation of the image decompression is given in details.The image coding algorithm of RBC is characterized with multimode and variable bit rate which are hard to use in hardware design.In order to resolve these problems,some simple and effective methods are given.They can not only deal with the questions of variable bit rate decoding successfully,but also greatly improve the processing speed of the decompression system.The high speed real time image data decompression hardware system is finished successfully,and its processing speed is not less than 265Mbit/s,meeting the required processing speed of 224Mbit/s.