关键词: 再入飞行器, 等离子体鞘层, 黑障, 缓解方法, 方法评估

Abstract: In order to help researchers better understand the mitigation methods of blackout and its development status, blackout mitigation methods adopted in current aerospace fields were introduced systematically and comprehensively. Firstly, the formation causes and research status of blackout problem were briefly introduced, and then the propagation mechanism of electromagnetic wave in plasma was also expounded. Secondly, the basic principles, advantages and disadvantages of 14 technical methods used to mitigate the blackout were introduced and discussed in detail. Those methods include variation of aerodynamic design of aircrafts, addition of the crossed electric and magnetic fields, standing wave detection, increment of the incident frequency, and terahertz technology, etc. Next, the abovementioned 14 methods were classified and evaluated from six aspects, e.g., power consumption, size quality, communication effect and engineering practicability, etc. Finally, several suggestions are put forward for the future study of the blackout problem.

Key words: reentry vehicle, plasma sheath, blackout, mitigation method, method evaluation