中国空间科学技术

中国空间科学技术 ›› 2022, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (6): 35-45.doi: 10.16708/j.cnki.1000-758X.2022.0081

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于等离子体磁壳的行星探测器制动机理研究

董宜承，王伟宗，张金瑞，齐岳，闫家启   

  1. 1 北京航空航天大学 宇航学院，北京102206
    2 中国空间技术研究院，北京100094
  • 出版日期:2022-12-25 发布日期:2022-11-09

Study on braking mechanism of planetary probe based on plasma magnetic shell

DONG Yicheng，WANG Weizong，ZHANG Jinrui，QI Yue，YAN Jiaqi   

  1. 1 School of Astronautics，Beihang University，Beijing 102206，China
    2 China Academy of Space Technology，Beijing 100094，China
  • Published:2022-12-25 Online:2022-11-09

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摘要： 等离子体磁壳制动技术是一种新型的行星探测器制动手段，具有制动阻力可调、可靠性高、结构质量小等优势，具有潜在的应用前景。开展了等离子体磁壳制动产生方式与工作机理的数值仿真研究。首先，以火星探测器的制动为背景，将等离子体磁壳简化为圆柱构型，建立了等离子体磁壳宏观模型，得到了制动阻力、有效捕获面积和探测器速度随轨道高度的变化关系。随后以等离子体磁壳中离子、电子和次中性粒子之间的相互作用为研究对象，建立了等离子体磁壳微观模型，获得了等离子体粒子数密度和温度随时间变化的规律。微观模型与宏观模型计算出的制动阻力一致，验证了两种模型的有效性。

关键词: 等离子体磁壳, 大气制动, 火星探测器, 数值仿真, 作用机理

Abstract: Plasma magnetic shell braking technology is a new braking method for planetary probes.It has the advantages of adjustable braking resistance，high reliability and light structure mass.In this paper，a numerical simulation on the generation mode and working mechanism of plasma magnetic shell brake was carried out.Firstly，taking the braking of a Martian spacecraft as the background，the plasma magnetic shell was simplified to a cylindrical configuration，and the macroscopic model of the plasma magnetic shell was established.From the model，the relationship of braking resistance，effective capture area and spacecraft velocity changing with the orbital height was obtained.Then，the interaction between ions，electrons and secondary neutral particles in the plasma magnetic shell was studied，the microscopic model of the plasma magnetic shell was established，the rule of the plasma particle number density and temperature changing with time was obtained.The braking resistance calculated by the microscopic model is consistent with that of the macroscopic model，which verifies the validity of the two models.

Key words: plasma magnetic shell, atmospheric braking, Martian spacecraft, numerical simulation, operational mechanism