中国空间科学技术

中国空间科学技术 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (2): 15-24.doi: 10.16708/j.cnki.1000-758X.2025.0018

• 空间太阳能电站专题 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于补偿优化的离轴共轭式聚光优化方法

张彦龙1，李丽芳2，夏舟3，郭朋真3，*   

  1. 1.哈尔滨工业大学 机电工程学院，哈尔滨150001
    2.哈尔滨工业大学 空间环境与物质科学研究院，哈尔滨150001
    3.哈尔滨工业大学 空间光通信技术研究中心，哈尔滨150001
  • 收稿日期:2024-05-07 修回日期:2024-07-17 录用日期:2024-08-19 发布日期:2025-03-13 出版日期:2025-04-01

Off-axis conjugate focusing optimization method based on aberration compensation

ZHANG Yanlong1， LI Lifang2， XIA Zhou3， GUO Pengzhen3，*   

  1. 1.School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering，Harbin Institute of Technology，Harbin 150001，China
    2.National Key Laboratory of Space Environment and Matter Behaviors，Harbin Institute of Technology，Harbin 150001，China
    3.National Key Laboratory of Laser Spatial Information，Harbin Institute of Technology，Harbin 150001，China
  • Received:2024-05-07 Revision received:2024-07-17 Accepted:2024-08-19 Online:2025-03-13 Published:2025-04-01

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摘要： 随着空间太阳能电站的发展，高效能和零遮挡的太阳能聚光器需求不断增加，然而现有技术在焦斑均匀性和像差控制方面仍存在诸多挑战。为了解决这些问题，提出了一种口径为500mm、焦径比为3的离轴共轭式点聚焦太阳能聚光器及其光路优化方法。该聚光器由离轴主镜、共轭镜、平面反射镜和定日跟踪机构四部分组成。离轴主镜提供主要的光学参数，共轭镜用于像差补偿，平面反射镜实现精准定位。通过几何构造方法对反射面的面型进行调整，构建精确的数学模型，并采用光线追迹方法分析光路。针对主要像差构建优化函数，利用点列图和辐照图分析焦斑形状变化规律，并通过调整离轴主镜和共轭镜的反射面面型，有效地减小像差，提高聚光比。在正入射和多角度入射条件下进行了详细的光学仿真，以优化光路设计。在室外-10℃环境下进行的聚光实验证明了该系统的像差补偿效果，光学聚光比超过100，焦点最高温度达到372℃。研究结果表明，离轴共轭式聚光方法通过多层次的优化手段，实现了零遮挡、高聚光比和高精度的聚光效果，在空间太阳能系统中具有显著的应用潜力，为未来的太阳能利用技术提供了新的解决方案。

关键词: 空间太阳能电站, 离轴聚光镜, 共轭, 零遮挡, 光线追迹, 优化

Abstract: With the development of space solar power stations， the demand for high-efficiency and zero-obstruction solar concentrators is increasing. However， the existing technologies still face numerous challenges in terms of spot uniformity and aberration control. To address these issues， an off-axis conjugate point-focusing solar concentrator with a 500mm aperture and a focal ratio of 3 is proposed， along with its optical path optimization method. The concentrator consists of four parts：an off-axis primary mirror， a conjugate mirror， a planar reflector， and a sun-tracking mechanism. The off-axis primary mirror provides the main optical parameters； the conjugate mirror compensates for aberrations； and the planar reflector ensures precise positioning. Geometric construction methods are used to adjust the surface shape of the reflectors， constructing an accurate mathematical model， and analyzing the optical path using ray tracing methods. An optimization function targeting the main aberrations is constructed， and spot diagrams and irradiance maps are used to analyze the focal spot shape variations. By adjusting the reflective surface shapes of the off-axis primary mirror and the conjugate mirror， aberrations are effectively reduced， and the concentration ratio is improved. Detailed optical simulations are conducted under normal incidence and multi-angle incidence conditions to optimize the optical path design. Experiments conducted at an outdoor temperature of -10℃ demonstrate the aberration compensation effectiveness of the system. The optical concentration ratio exceeded 100， and the maximum focal temperature reached 372℃. This study innovatively proposes an efficient off-axis conjugate focusing method， achieving zero obstruction， high concentration ratio， and high precision focusing through multi-level optimization techniques. The results indicate that this method has significant application potential in space solar power systems， providing a new solution for future solar energy utilization technologies.

Key words: space solar power station, off-axis concentrator, conjugate, zero blocking, ray tracing, optimization