中国空间科学技术

中国空间科学技术 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (3): 1-18.doi: 10.16708/j.cnki.1000-758X.2026.0033

• 《中国空间科学技术（中英文）》创刊45周年专刊 •    下一篇

系外行星探测技术现状及发展趋势

邓湘金1,＋,*，孟令晨2,＋，杨孟飞3,＋,*，屈玉福2,*，白崇延1，张龙1，林晨1，张杰1   

  1. 1.北京空间飞行器总体设计部，北京100094
    2.北京航空航天大学仪器科学与光电工程学院，北京100191
    3.中国空间技术研究院，北京100094
  • 收稿日期:2025-11-25 修回日期:2026-01-30 录用日期:2026-02-05 发布日期:2026-05-21 出版日期:2026-05-31

Current status and future trends of exoplanet detection technologies

DENG Xiangjin1,＋,*, MENG Lingchen2,＋, YANG Mengfei3,＋,*, QU Yufu2,*, BAI Chongyan1, ZHANG Long1, LIN Chen1, ZHANG Jie1   

  1. 1.Beijing Institute of Spacecraft System Engineering, Beijing 100094, China
    2.School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
    3.China Academy of Space Technology, Beijing 100094, China
  • Received:2025-11-25 Revision received:2026-01-30 Accepted:2026-02-05 Online:2026-05-21 Published:2026-05-31

PDF (PC)

85

摘要： 系外行星探测技术正经历由地基观测向空间观测、由搜寻发现向精细刻画演进的过程。综合分析了凌星法、视向速度法以及直接成像与干涉测量等主要探测技术的原理与应用现状，比较了不同观测手段在行星发现、轨道测定、大气刻画等方面的适用范围与技术瓶颈，总结了国内外近年来在轨与在研的代表性任务进展。结果表明，间接探测法仍在行星发现数量上占据主导地位，为行星分布特征与形成演化研究提供了重要支撑；而直接探测技术依托自适应光学、星冕仪、光学干涉等技术，已在系外行星高对比成像和大气光谱反演方面取得突破。以詹姆斯·韦伯空间望远镜为代表的红外成像任务实现了多波段行星光谱的直接测量，欧洲LIFE计划和中国觅音计划的推进标志着空间红外干涉探测进入毫角秒空间分辨率的新阶段。研究表明，未来系外行星探测将形成“地基-空间协同”“间接-直接互补”的技术格局，为宜居行星与生命特征信号的探测奠定坚实的科学与工程基础。

关键词: 系外行星, 探测技术, 发展趋势, 空间观测, 直接成像, 干涉阵列

Abstract: Exoplanet detection technologies are undergoing a systematic transition from ground-based observations to space-based platforms, and from large-scale planet discovery to detailed physical and atmospheric characterization. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the principles and current status of the major exoplanet detection techniques, including transit photometry, radial velocity measurements, as well as direct imaging and interferometric observations. The applicability and technical limitations of different observational approaches are compared in terms of planet detection, orbital determination and atmospheric characterization. Recent progress of representative space missions currently in operation or under development worldwide is summarized. The review shows that indirect detection methods continue to dominate in terms of the number of discovered exoplanets, providing essential statistical foundations for studies of planetary occurrence rates, population properties, and formation and evolution processes. Meanwhile, direct detection techniques, enabled by advances in adaptive optics, coronagraphy, and optical interferometry, have achieved significant breakthroughs in high-contrast imaging and atmospheric spectral retrieval of exoplanets. Infrared imaging missions represented by the James Webb space telescope have enabled direct multi-band spectroscopic measurements of exoplanetary atmospheres, while the development of ESA's LIFE mission and China's MEAYIN project marks the entry of space-based infrared interferometric detection into a new phase of ultra-high angular resolution. Future exoplanet exploration is expected to establish a coordinated framework that integrates ground-based and space-based observations as well as complementary indirect and direct detection techniques, thereby laying a solid scientific and engineering foundation for the detection of habitable planets and potential biosignatures.

Key words: exoplanet, detection technology, development trends, space-based observation, direct imaging, interferometric array