中国空间科学技术

中国空间科学技术 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (3): 19-33.doi: 10.16708/j.cnki.1000-758X.2026.0034

• 《中国空间科学技术（中英文）》创刊45周年专刊 • 上一篇    下一篇

月球关键矿产资源开发利用技术与发展前瞻

何成旦1，李正伟2, *，王永军1，刘坤3，张衍1，石忠宁4，王琎1，李丽匣5，于瑞云6，冯夏庭2,*，李得天1,*   

  1. 1.兰州空间技术物理研究所真空技术与物理全国重点实验室，兰州730000 
    2.东北大学深部金属矿智能开采与装备全国重点实验室，沈阳110819
    3.东北大学机械工程与自动化学院，沈阳110819
    4.东北大学冶金学院，沈阳110819
    5.东北大学资源与土木工程学院，沈阳110819
    6.东北大学软件学院，沈阳110819
  • 收稿日期:2025-10-20 修回日期:2025-11-21 录用日期:2025-11-30 发布日期:2026-05-21 出版日期:2026-05-31

Technology and development prospects for lunar critical mineral resources utilization

HE Chengdan1, LI Zhengwei2,*, WANG Yongjun1 ,LIU Kun3 ,ZHANG Yan1 ,SHI Zhongning4, WANG Jin1, LI Lixia5, YU Ruiyun6, FENG Xiating2,*, LI Detian1,*   

  1. 1.National Key Laboratory on Vacuum Technology and Physics, Lanzhou Institute of Physics, Lanzhou 730000, China
    2.State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Deep Metal Mining and Equipment, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
    3.School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
    4.School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
    5.School of Resources & Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
    6.School of Software, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819 China
  • Received:2025-10-20 Revision received:2025-11-21 Accepted:2025-11-30 Online:2026-05-21 Published:2026-05-31

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摘要： 月球蕴含着丰富的水冰、钛铁矿、氦-3等关键矿产资源，开发利用月球资源，对支撑深空探测任务可持续发展、解决未来地球资源枯竭问题、催生太空新经济模式等具有重大意义。对月球水冰、固体矿物、氦-3等关键矿产资源的储量与赋存特征进行了研究，梳理了月球资源开发利用过程中面临的重大挑战，包括极端月面环境的苛刻性、资源赋存状态的不确定性、能源供应体系的局限性、智能作业装备的可靠性等方面。在此基础上，回顾了月球关键矿产资源开发利用技术的研究进展，总结了月球资源全流程开发利用技术体系，提出了跨学科人才队伍建设、开发策略、技术验证、可行性、政策法规和国际合作模式等方面的发展建议。

关键词: 月球资源, 开发利用, 月面环境, 水冰开采, 矿物分选冶炼, 原位建造与制造

Abstract: The Moon harbors abundant critical mineral resources, including water ice,ilmenite and helium-3 (3He). Exploiting these resources holds significant strategic value for sustaining deep-space exploration missions, addressing future resource scarcity, and catalyzing new space-based economic models. This study introduces the reserves and occurrence characteristics of key lunar mineral resources such as water ice, solid minerals, and 3He. It identifies major challenges in lunar resource utilization, including the harsh extreme lunar environment, uncertainty in resource distribution, limitations of energy supply systems, and reliability of robotic equipment. Based on this, the study reviews research progress in the utilization technologies of key lunar mineral resources, summarizes the full-process technological system for lunar resource development and utilization, and puts forward development suggestions in areas such as interdisciplinary talent development, exploitation strategies, technical verification, feasibility studies, policies and regulations, and international cooperation models.

Key words: lunar resources, development and utilization, lunar environment, ice mining, mineral separation and smelting, in-situ construction and manufacturing