中国空间科学技术

中国空间科学技术

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航天遥感低空经济数字航路网构建与初步验证

张过1，方志斌1，江万寿1，运晓宇1，杨博2，蒋永华3，崔浩1，杨海明4，刘蒎4，赵齐乐5，朱春阳1,*   

  1. 1.武汉大学测绘遥感信息工程全国重点实验室，武汉430072
    2.国防科技大学计算机学院，长沙410073
    3.武汉大学遥感信息工程学院，武汉430072
    4.联通数字科技有限公司，北京102600
    5.武汉大学卫星导航定位技术研究中心，武汉430072
  • 收稿日期:2025-09-16 修回日期:2025-10-23 录用日期:2025-11-02 发布日期:2026-01-13 出版日期:2026-01-13

Construction and preliminary validation of a spaceborne remote sensing based digital air-route network for low-altitude economy

ZHANG Guo1，FANG Zhibin1，JIANG Wanshou1，YUN Xiaoyu1，YANG Bo2，JIANG Yonghua3，CUI Hao1，YANG Haiming4，LIU Pai4，ZHAO Qile5，ZHU Chunyang1,*   

  1. 1.State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
    2.School of Computing, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
    3.School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
    4.China Unicom System Integration Limited Corporation, Beijing 102600, China
    5.GNSS Center,Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
  • Received:2025-09-16 Revision received:2025-10-23 Accepted:2025-11-02 Online:2026-01-13 Published:2026-01-13

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摘要： 随着低空经济的快速发展，低空交通基础设施正从概念探索迈向规模实践，数字航路网既指导设施网和空联网的建设，也为服务网提供有路可循的依据，是当前低空交通基础设施的首要建设任务。现有数字航路网建设方法存在风险度量不充分、拓扑结构化不完善及航路属性缺失等问题，且未明确建设所需的低空地理-胁迫要素的种类和精度，因此有必要进一步完善相关方法，以更好地指导低空经济数字航路网的建设和应用。针对上述问题，从无人机与地理-胁迫环境的交互机理出发，揭示了数字航路网建设所需的地理和胁迫要素种类，明确了地理要素的几何精度需求，分析了航天遥感探测手段对地理要素的获取可行性和满足程度；提出基于地理和胁迫信息、兼顾拓扑和风险的数字航路网建设方法，并在安阳市开展航天遥感地理信息底座、气象胁迫、数字航路网以及航路通信和定位质量评估等实装试验验证。结果表明：基于航天遥感探测手段生产的DSM高程精度优于2m，建筑物白模高程精度为3.83m，碍航物产品总体识别精度为80.77%，地表覆盖分类总体解译精度为79.5%，整体满足地理要素米级几何精度需求和地面属性区分需求；生产的数字航路网，相较人工设计航线，航路里程缩短7.6%，巡航用时缩短12.6%，高风险区域占比减少7.6%，非直线系数提升8.2%；相较飞手临时规划航线，航路里程缩短4.2%，巡航用时缩短3.4%，非直线系数提升18.5%，有效提高了空域利用率，降低了飞行风险，提升了飞行效率，满足“无人机可飞、低风险飞、高效率飞”的低空规模化飞行需求。

关键词: 低空经济, 航天遥感, 地理信息底座, 数字航路网, 实飞验证

Abstract: With the rapid development of the low-altitude economy, the construction of low-altitude transportation infrastructure has progressed from conceptual exploration to scaled practice. The digital air-route network not only guides the construction of facility and air-internet networks, but also provides the service network with followable routes, making it a priority task in building low-altitude transportation infrastructure. However, the existing methods for constructing digital air-route networks insufficiently consider risk quantification, lack structured topology, and omit essential route attributes. In addition, they have not clarified the required types and geometric accuracies of geographic and constraint elements in low-altitude environments. Therefore, it is necessary to further improve relevant methodologies to better guide the construction and application of digital air-route networks for the low-altitude economy. To address these issues, this study begins with the interaction mechanism between unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and their geographic constraint environments. It identifies the categories of geographic and constraint elements required for digital air-route network construction and specifies the geometric accuracy requirements for geographic elements. The feasibility and adequacy of spaceborne remote sensing techniques for acquiring these elements are analyzed. Based on these findings, a construction method for digital air-route networks is proposed, integrating geographic and constraint information while jointly optimizing topological structure and risk. Field experiments are conducted in Anyang to verify the feasibility of this method, including validation of the spaceborne geographic information base, meteorological constraints, the digital air-route network itself, and the communication and positioning quality along the routes. Results show that spaceborne remote sensing data achieve a DSM vertical accuracy better than 2m, a building white model accuracy of 3.83m, an overall obstacle recognition accuracy of 80.77%, and a land cover classification accuracy of 79.5%. These results collectively meet the meter level geometric and surface-attribute resolution requirements for digital air-route network construction. Compared with manually designed routes, the air-route network generated with this method reduces route length by 7.6%, cruise time by 12.6%, and the proportion of high-risk segments by 7.6%, while increasing the nonlinearity coefficient by 8.2%. Compared with pilot-planned ad-hoc routes, route length decreases by 4.2%, cruise time by 3.4%, and the nonlinearity coefficient improves by 18.5%. Overall, the proposed method effectively improves airspace utilization, reduces flight risk, and enhances flight efficiency, fulfilling the operational requirements for UAVs to fly, fly safely, and fly efficiently in large-scale low-altitude operations. 

Key words: low-altitude economy, spaceborne remote sensing, geographic information base, digital air-route network, flight test validation