中国空间科学技术

中国空间科学技术 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (4): 51-60.doi: 10.16708/j.cnki.1000-758X.2026.0057

• 庆祝王希季院士105岁寿辰特别专题 • 上一篇    下一篇

中间层上层大气扰动特征及对高速飞行热环境的影响

杜涛1，李凰立1，高武焕1，胡彦辰1，张津泽1，李东2,*   

  1. 1.北京宇航系统工程研究所，北京100076
    2.中国运载火箭技术研究院，北京100076
  • 收稿日期:2026-04-08 修回日期:2026-06-21 录用日期:2026-06-26 发布日期:2026-07-16 出版日期:2026-07-31

Characteristics of disturbances in the upper mesosphere and impacts on the thermal environment of high-speed flight

DU Tao1，LI Huangli1，GAO Wuhuan1，HU Yanchen1，ZHANG Jinzhe1，LI Dong2,*   

  1. 1.Beijing Institute of Astronautic Systems Engineering, Beijing 100076, China
    2.China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology，Beijing 100076, China
  • Received:2026-04-08 Revision received:2026-06-21 Accepted:2026-06-26 Online:2026-07-16 Published:2026-07-31

PDF (PC)

4

摘要： 随着重复使用运载器追求更高性能，须在设计上引入包含季节和地理等动态效应的高精度大气模型，取代当前广泛应用的年平均统计的标准大气模型，实现高精度评估飞行热环境偏差。利用美国TIMED卫星SABER载荷在2002-2018年16年间采集的大气参数，针对中国所在区域典型纬度上空的大气中间层上层（70km和80km），开展了以典型月份为区间的大气参数统计分布对飞行器热环境的影响研究。通过标准大气模型的结果归一化，获得了纬度变化和季节变化对中间层上层高速飞行的热环境影响规律，偏离标准大气模型的分布特征。结果显示：赤道地区季节性对大气分布几乎无影响，极端性的高热流和低热流均出现在高纬度地区，期望的波动范围接近标准大气模型预测热流的53%，标准大气加固定偏差的工程设计方法难以覆盖这种真实的复杂变化趋势。

关键词: 大气模型, 大气动力学, 热环境, 中间层, 重复使用运载器

Abstract: With the pursuit of higher performance for reusable launch vehicles, the high-precision atmospheric models including dynamic effects such as season and geography should be introduced to replace the currently prevalent annual average standard atmospheric model, enable high accuracy evaluation of thermal environment discrepancies during flight. Utilizing atmospheric parameters collected by the SABER payload on the TIMED satellite from 2002 to 2018, a study was conducted on the influence of statistical distributions of atmospheric parameters, based on typical monthly intervals, on the thermal environment of vehicles flying at high speeds in the upper mesosphere (70km and 80km) over latitudes typical of China's region. By normalizing the results from the standard atmospheric model, the effects of latitude variation and seasonal variation on the thermal environment of high-speed flight in the upper mesosphere were obtained, revealing distribution characteristics that deviate from the standard atmospheric model. The results show that seasonal variation has almost no effect on atmospheric distribution in equatorial regions, with the expected fluctuation range close to 53% of the heat flux predicted by the standard atmospheric model. Extreme high and low heat fluxes both occur in high-latitude regions. The engineering design method of using the standard atmosphere plus fixed biases is insufficient to cover such complex real-world variations.

Key words: atmosphere model, atmospheric dynamics, aeroheating, mesosphere, reusable launch vehicle