中国空间科学技术

中国空间科学技术 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (5): 149-160.doi: 10.16708/j.cnki.1000-758X.2026.0085

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

一种基于MEMS激光雷达的合作目标搜捕方法

徐云飞1，蔡彪2，刘启海1，*，华宝成1，张运方1，钟俊1，黄弢1   

  1. 1.北京控制工程研究所空间光电测量与智能感知实验室，北京100094
    2.北京控制工程研究所空间智能控制技术全国重点实验室，北京100094
  • 收稿日期:2025-09-30 修回日期:2025-11-05 录用日期:2025-12-01 发布日期:2026-09-23 出版日期:2026-09-30

Cooperative target acquisition method based on MEMS LiDAR

XU Yunfei1 ,CAI Biao2 , LIU Qihai1，*, HUA Baocheng1, ZHANG Yunfang1, ZHONG Jun1, HUANG Tao1   

  1. 1.Space Optoelectronic Measurement and Perception Lab, Beijing Institute of Control Engineering, 
    Beijing 100094, China
    2.National Key Laboratory of Space Intelligent Control, Beijing Institute of Control Engineering, 
    Beijing 100094, China
  • Received:2025-09-30 Revision received:2025-11-05 Accepted:2025-12-01 Online:2026-09-23 Published:2026-09-30

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摘要： 针对交会对接产品小型化轻量化需求，提出一种基于MEMS二维扫描驱动单元的激光雷达。为满足远距快速捕获稳定跟踪的指标要求，设计了光学系统以确定能量参数，设计了MEMS扫描驱动方式与搜捕方法，并设计了地面远距离搜捕验证试验。首先设计基于MEMS的激光雷达光学系统，根据空间合作目标回波能量模型分析确定30km级远距探测需求下光纤激光器、APD探测器、MEMS摆镜、光学收发系统及激光合作目标关键参数；其次设计MEMS单元的“李萨如”单帧扫描曲线与“回字形”多帧扫描搜捕策略；最后分析了地面条件下大气双程透过率对最远测距能力的影响，以及湍流大气下的光强起伏与光斑漂移效应对地面试验的影响范围，搭建地面远距离搜捕试验平台，设计地面静态威力试验和动态挂飞试验。在地面28.6km处，15s内快速捕获目标并满足±5(°)/s的动态性能。通过试验，验证了MEMS激光雷达的光学系统设计满足在轨30km级测距能力，搜捕策略设计满足快速捕获与稳定跟踪要求，为未来交会对接任务小型化轻量化激光雷达产品应用奠定基础。

关键词: 交会对接, MEMS激光雷达, 空间合作目标, 捕获策略设计, 地面试验设计

Abstract: In response to the demand for miniaturization and lightweight design of rendezvous and docking products, a LiDAR system based on a MEMS two-dimensional scanning drive unit was proposed. To meet the requirements for long-range rapid acquisition and stable tracking, the optical system was designed to determine energy parameters, the MEMS scanning drive method and search-capture strategy were developed, and a ground-based long-distance search-capture validation test was designed. Firstly, the MEMS-based LiDAR optical system was designed, and based on the analysis of the spatial cooperative target echo energy model, the key parameters of the fiber laser, APD detector, MEMS scanning mirror, optical transceiver system, and laser cooperative target were determined to meet the requirements of long-distance detection at the 30km level. Secondly, the Lissajous single-frame scanning curve for the MEMS unit and the square-ring multi-frame scanning search and acquisition strategy were designed. Finally, the influence of atmospheric two-way transmittance on the maximum ranging capability under ground conditions was analyzed, along with the effects of light intensity fluctuation and spot drift under turbulent atmospheric conditions on ground-based testing. A ground-based long-distance search and acquisition experimental platform was established, and both ground-based static power tests and dynamic captive-carry flight tests were designed. At a distance of 28.6km, the target was rapidly acquired within 15 seconds while meeting dynamic performance requirements of ±5(°)/s. Experimental results verify that the optical system design of the MEMS LiDAR satisfies the 30km-level ranging capability in orbit, and the search and capture strategy design meets the requirements for rapid acquisition and stable tracking. This lays a foundation for the application of miniaturized and lightweight LiDAR products in future rendezvous and docking missions.

Key words: rendezvous and docking, MEMS LiDAR, spatial cooperative target, acquisition strategy design, ground test design