中国空间科学技术

中国空间科学技术 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (4): 93-106.doi: 10.16708/j.cnki.1000-758X.2026.0099

• 小行星防御专栏 • 上一篇    下一篇

近地小天体的Yarkovsky和YORP效应研究进展

蒋默雷1,2，季江徽1,2,*，应佳峻1,2，胡寿村1,2   

  1. 1.中国科学院紫金山天文台，南京210023
    2.中国科学技术大学天文与空间科学学院，合肥230026
  • 收稿日期:2025-10-10 修回日期:2025-12-22 录用日期:2026-01-07 发布日期:2026-07-16 出版日期:2026-07-31

Progress in the study of Yarkovsky and YORP effects on Near-Earth Objects

JIANG Molei1,2，JI Jianghui1,2,*，YING Jiajun1,2，HU Shoucun1,2   

  1. 1.Purple Mountain Observatory，Chinese Academy of Sciences，Nanjing 210023，China
    2.School of Astronomy and Space Sciences，University of Science and Technology of China，Hefei 230026，China
  • Received:2025-10-10 Revision received:2025-12-22 Accepted:2026-01-07 Online:2026-07-16 Published:2026-07-31

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摘要： 作为最重要的非引力作用，Yarkovsky和Yarkovsky-O'Keefe-Radzievskii-Paddack（YORP）效应共同影响着近地小天体（Near-Earth Objects，NEOs）的轨道演化，其在小天体物理属性约束和撞击风险评估中是重要的考量指标，在近三十年被广泛用于精确轨道预测及解决一系列行星科学问题。从Yarkovsky和YORP效应的基本原理和理论模型出发，给出直观实例揭示作用本质，对比了针对同一问题的新旧研究区别，阐明了不合理结论的可能解释以及可改善的研究方法，并对近期的观测发现进行了总结。通过对近地小天体的轨道动力学和物理特性详尽研究来重构太阳系早期环境，回答行星形成和演化问题，这已经在过去的研究中得到实现，但依然存在诸多不足，因此其将继续作为未来工作的重要目标。 

关键词: 近地小天体, Yarkovsky效应, YORP效应, 动力学演化

Abstract: As the most significant non-gravitational force, the Yarkovsky and Yarkovsky-O'Keefe-Radzievskii-Paddack (YORP) effects, jointly govern the orbital evolution of Near-Earth Objects(NEOs). They are indispensable for constraining physical properties and assessing impact risks. Over the past three decades, these effects have been widely applied to precise orbit determination and resolving key planetary science questions. Starting from the fundamental principles and theoretical models of both effects, this paper provided intuitive examples to clarify their mechanisms. New and past studies addressing identical problems were critically compared, with proposing plausible explanations of unreasonable conclusions and methodological improvements. We also summarized some recent observations. Through analysing dynamics and physical properties of NEOs in detail, previous studies have partially reconstructed the early solar system environment and addressed planetary formation and evolution challenges. However, there are still many deficiencies, so these goals will continue to guide future efforts to unravel unresolved questions.modulates the Yarkovsky effect. It is necessary to conduct integrated research.

Key words: Near-Earth Objects, Yarkovsky effect, YORP effect, dynamical evolution