中国空间科学技术

中国空间科学技术 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (3): 77-88.doi: 10.16708/j.cnki.1000.758X.2025.0040

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于记忆合金的天体样本轨道转移密封方法

刘峥励1,2，罗熠晨1,2，刘洲3，于茂华3，周学1,2，洪昊岑4，张斌1,2,*   

  1. 1.浙江大学 机械工程学院，杭州310030
    2.浙江大学 流体动力基础件与机电系统全国重点实验室，杭州310058
    3.上海宇航系统工程研究所，上海201109
    4.浙江大学 高端装备研究院，杭州310014
  • 收稿日期:2024-06-12 修回日期:2024-11-19 录用日期:2024-11-26 发布日期:2025-05-15 出版日期:2025-06-01

Sealing method for celestial sample orbit transfer based on shape memory alloy

LIU Zhengli1,2，LUO Yichen1,2，LIU Zhou3，YU Maohua3，ZHOU Xue1,2，HONG Haocen4，ZHANG Bin1,2,*   

  1. 1.School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University，Hangzhou 310030, China
    2.The State Key Lab of Fluid Power & Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058, China
    3.Aerospace System Engineering Shanghai, Shanghai 201109, China
    4.Institute of Advanced Machines, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310014, China
  • Received:2024-06-12 Revision received:2024-11-19 Accepted:2024-11-26 Online:2025-05-15 Published:2025-06-01

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摘要： 对行星探测任务中的星壤采样密封问题进行了研究，旨在设计一种基于记忆合金温变原理的径向挤压密封装置，以确保样本的原位性，同时减少高轴向推进力的需求，优化采样密封操作过程。提出了基于Roth定律的微观泄露模型，以分析结构和外部参数对密封漏率的影响。建立了两种不同构型的记忆合金片恢复变形模型，通过应力仿真确定了尖角构型在密封可靠性上的优势，并对几何尺寸进行了优化。装置采用了质量轻、效率高的聚酰亚胺加热膜进行电阻加热，通过单程记忆合金的径向挤压薄壁罐体内壁实现密封。利用理论泄露模型对漏率进行了预估，并通过热场仿真评估了加热能耗。研究结果表明，当记忆合金片与装置内壁的直径偏差小于0.20mm时，装置的漏率达到了10-6 Pa·m3/s。试验测试显示，装置的平均挤压应力为160MPa，理论预估的漏率与实际测量结果一致，总能耗为2137.7J。设计的基于记忆合金的挤压密封装置能够在无须高轴向推进力的情况下实现有效密封，特别是尖角构型在密封性能上展现出明显优势。装置的高密封性与低能耗特性为行星探测任务中的样品轨道转移密封提供了可靠且节能的解决方案，具有广泛的应用前景。

关键词: 星壤采样, 密封装置, 记忆合金, 漏率模型, 密封漏率

Abstract: This study addresses the sealing challenges in planetary soil sampling. It aims to design a radial compression sealing device using a shape memory alloy (SMA) triggered by temperature changes. The device ensures sample integrity and reduces the need for high axial force, optimizing the sealing process. A microscopic leakage model, based on Roth’s law, is used to evaluate the impact of structural and external factors on leakage rates. Two SMA sheet configurations are analyzed, with simulations showing that the sharp-angle design enhances sealing reliability. The device uses polyimide heating films for resistive heating, achieving sealing by radially compressing the canister. Theoretical leakage rates are predicted, and the energy consumption is assessed through thermal simulations. When the SMA sheet’s diameter deviation from the inner wall is under 0.20mm, the leakage rate reaches 10-6Pa·m3/s. Tests show an average compression stress of 160MPa, with measured leakage rates consistent with predictions. The total energy consumption is 2137.7J, demonstrating the device's high sealing efficiency for orbital sample transfer. The SMA-based device effectively seals without requiring significant axial force. The sharp-angle configuration particularly enhances performance. This device offers a reliable, energy-efficient solution for planetary sample orbit transfer sealing with broad potential applications.

Key words: star soil sampling, sealing device, shape memory alloy, leakage rate model, sealing leakage rate