中国空间科学技术

中国空间科学技术 ›› 2023, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (1): 129-138.doi: 10.16708/j.cnki.1000-758X.2023.0013

• 可展开空间结构专栏 • 上一篇    下一篇

航天器可展开薄膜遮光罩的构型设计与优化

彭涛，林秋红，李冰岩，邱慧，刘荣强，罗阿妮   

  1. 1 北京空间飞行器总体设计部，北京100094
    2 哈尔滨工程大学 机电工程学院，哈尔滨150001
    3 哈尔滨工业大学机器人技术与系统国家重点实验室，哈尔滨150001
  • 出版日期:2023-02-25 发布日期:2023-01-13

Configuration design and optimization of deployable membrane sunshield for spacecraft

PENG Tao，LIN Qiuhong，LI Bingyan，QIU Hui，LIU Rongqiang，LUO Ani   

  1. 1 Beijing Institute of Spacecraft Engineering,Beijing 100094,China
    2 College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Harbin Engineering University,Harbin 150001,China
    3 State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System,Harbin Institute of Technology,Harbin 150001,China
  • Published:2023-02-25 Online:2023-01-13

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摘要： 针对当前航天器遮光罩轻量化的需求，在保证薄膜遮光罩有效面积不变的前提下，根据质量和有效面积占比设计了一款柔性平面薄膜遮光罩。以提高薄膜边缘应力的同时尽量避免有效圆面积占比减少为优化目标，对薄膜遮光罩的边缘做弧边优化设计。结果表明，当薄膜遮光罩为正六边形时，既能保证结构对称性，又能获得较低的单位有效面积占比对应质量。通过应力叠加法建立了薄膜遮光罩的应力分布模型，求出薄膜边缘应力的理论计算值。探究了弧边拱高的增加对薄膜边缘应力和有效圆面积占比的影响规律，当二者的函数曲线相交于一点时，可取为薄膜弧边的最优拱高。根据设计的薄膜遮光罩参数，搭建薄膜遮光罩的试验样机并进行展开试验。薄膜遮光罩可完全展开，薄膜边缘张紧度高，证明了薄膜遮光罩系统方案设计的可靠性，弧边设计可有效提高薄膜边缘的应力水平。

关键词: 薄膜, 遮光罩, 应力, 弧边优化, 薄膜有效面积

Abstract: In response to the current demand for lightweight spacecraft sunshield,a flexible flat membrane sunshield was designed based on the mass and the effective area ratio on the premise that the effective area of the membrane sunshield remains unchanged.In order to improve the edge stress of the membrane while avoiding the reduction of the effective circle area,the edge of the membrane sunshield was optimized for arc design.The results show that when the thin-membrane sunshield is a regular hexagon,the symmetry of the structure can be ensured,and the minimum mass corresponding to the percentage of unit effective area can be obtained.The stress distribution model of the membrane sunshield was established with the stress superposition method,and the theoretical calculation value of the membrane edge stress was obtained.The influence of the increase of arc edge arch height on the membrane edge stress and the effective circle area ratio was explored.When the two function curves intersect at a point,the optimal arch height of the membrane arc edge can be selected.According to the designed parameters of the thin membrane sunshield,a test prototype of the thin membrane sunshield was built and the tensile experiment was performed.The edge tension of the membrane is high,which proves that the arc edge design plays an important role in improving the stress and stiffness of the membrane.

Key words: membrane, sunshield, stress, arc edge optimization, effective membrane area