中国空间科学技术

中国空间科学技术 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (1): 81-87.doi: 10.16708/j.cnki.1000-758X.2025.0008

• 空间科学与试验专栏 • 上一篇    

基于近场热辐射的可变发射率空间辐射器技术

徐德宇1, 汪国云1, 孟繁孔2, 赵军明1,3,*   

  1. 1.哈尔滨工业大学 能源科学与工程学院，哈尔滨150001
    2.北京空间飞行器总体设计部，北京100094
    3.空天热物理工业和信息化部重点实验室，哈尔滨150001

  • 收稿日期:2023-10-19 修回日期:2023-12-11 录用日期:2024-01-08 发布日期:2025-01-23 出版日期:2025-02-01

Variable-emittance space radiator based on near-field thermal radiation

XU Deyu1,WANG Guoyun1, MENG Fankong2, ZHAO Junming1,3,*   

  1. 1.School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
    2.Beijing Institute of Spacecraft System Engineering, Beijing 100094, China
    3.Key Laboratory of Aerospace Thermophysics, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Harbin
    150001, China
  • Received:2023-10-19 Revision received:2023-12-11 Accepted:2024-01-08 Online:2025-01-23 Published:2025-02-01

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摘要： 针对载人航天热控系统辐射器根据最大热负荷设计、难以适应低温工况的问题，研究了基于近场热辐射调控的可变发射率辐射器技术。建立了近场热辐射参与的辐射器等效发射率模型，利用涨落电动力学和半导体载流子输运理论求解近场辐射热流和等效发射率随电压的依变关系。在此基础上，建立了变发射率辐射器与单相流体回路耦合传热模型，仿真分析了该方案对工质温度的调控性能。结果表明，在-5~20V的电压范围内，发射率的变化量可达0.62，保温工况下最低发射率可降至0.2以下。与单相流体回路配合使用，通过调节电压可使得全氟三乙胺工质在各种内部热负荷和外部热环境下均维持在正常工作温区（-100~50℃），提高了热控系统的适应性。虽然目前制备难度和成本较高，但随着微纳加工技术的发展，该技术有潜力服务于载人深空探测等热环境更加复杂多变的航天任务。

关键词: 航天器热控制, 辐射器, 可变发射率, 单相流体回路, 电调控近场热辐射

Abstract: Aiming at the problem that the radiator of manned space thermal control system is designed according to the maximum heat load and is difficult to adapt to the low temperature condition, a technology of variable-emittance radiator based on near-field thermal radiation regulation is proposed. An effective emittance model of a radiator involved in near-field thermal radiation is developed, and the dependences of near-field radiative heat flux and effective emittance on voltage are solved by using fluctuational electrodynamics and semiconductor carrier transport theory. The coupled heat transfer model of variable-emittance radiator and single-phase fluid loop is established, and the performance of the scheme for temperature control of working medium is simulated and analyzed. The results show that the emittance can be varied up to 0.62 in the voltage range of -5 V to 20 V, and the lowest emittance can be reduced to less than 0.2 under heat preservation condition. Used in conjunction with single-phase fluid loop, the perfluorotriethylamine (PFTA) working medium can be maintained in the normal operating temperature range (-100-50℃) under various internal thermal loads and external thermal environments by tuning the control voltage, thus improving the adaptability of the thermal control system. Although it’s currently difficult and costly to fabricate, with the development of nano-processing technology, the technology has the potential to serve space missions with more complex and variable thermal environments, such as manned deep space exploration.

Key words: spacecraft thermal control, radiator, variable emittance, single-phase fluid loop, electrically tunable near-field thermal radiation