中国空间科学技术

中国空间科学技术 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (5): 1-13.doi: 10.16708/j.cnki.1000-758X.2025.0071

• 宜居行星探测专题 •    下一篇

宜居行星生命信号光谱探测技术研究进展与展望

张启航1，张乃心1，欧阳逸馨1，龙锡洋1，侯心兰1，张晓静2，刘冀林2,*，霍卓玺2，田玉玺1,*   

  1. 1.南京大学化学化工学院 介观化学教育部重点实验室，南京210023
    2.中国航天科技体系与创新研究院，北京100088
  • 收稿日期:2025-01-06 修回日期:2025-05-08 录用日期:2025-06-17 发布日期:2025-09-17 出版日期:2025-10-01

Review and perspective of spectroscopic technology for life signal detection on habitable planets

ZHANG Qihang1, ZHANG Naixin1, OUYANG Yixin1, LONG Xiyang1, HOU Xinlan1, ZHANG Xiaojing2, LIU Jilin2,*, HUO Zhuoxi2, TIAN Yuxi1,*   

  1. 1.Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
    2.China Academy of Aerospace System and Innovation, Beijing 100088, China
  • Received:2025-01-06 Revision received:2025-05-08 Accepted:2025-06-17 Online:2025-09-17 Published:2025-10-01

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摘要： 光谱技术作为一种重要的分析工具，广泛应用于生命信号的探测和行星宜居性评估。综述了近年来光谱技术在宜居行星探测和生命特征信号分子探测方面的最新进展：首先介绍了常见的宜居星球生命信号标志物气体小分子的光谱特征；然后介绍了红外光谱精密测量技术，重点讨论了分子红外光谱受空间环境因素的影响；接着阐述了分子光谱探测技术在星际、大气分子探测方面的研究进展；最后展望了光谱技术在系外行星生命探测中的潜力，探讨了地面光谱模拟装置以及人工智能技术在系外生命光谱探测方面的潜在应用。

关键词: 光谱技术, 宜居行星, 生命信号探测, 生物标志物, 系外生命

Abstract: Spectroscopy, as an important analytical tool, is widely applied in the detection of biosignatures and the assessment of planetary habitability. This review summarizes recent advances in spectroscopic techniques for detecting habitable exoplanets and biosignature molecules: First, it introduces the spectroscopic characteristics of common small-molecule biomarker gases indicative of life on habitable planets. Then, it describes the infrared spectroscopic precision measurement techniques, and discusses the influence of environmental factors on molecular infrared spectroscopy. Next, it elaborates on the progress in molecular spectroscopic detection technologies for studying interstellar and atmospheric molecules. Finally, it describes the potential of spectroscopy in the search for life on exoplanets, discussing the prospective applications of ground-based spectral simulation facilities and artificial intelligence technologies in advanced spectral detection of life beyond the Earth.

Key words: spectroscopic technology, habitable planets, life signal detection, biomarkers, extraterrestrial life