中国空间科学技术

中国空间科学技术 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (3): 205-214.doi: 10.16708/j.cnki.1000-758X.2026.0047

• 《中国空间科学技术（中英文）》创刊45周年专刊 • 上一篇    下一篇

透明转发架构IoT NTN卫星通信系统频偏影响分析

陈毅君1，丁晟1,*，高向东1，孟维晓2   

  1. 1.浙江时空道宇科技有限公司，上海200233
    2.哈尔滨工业大学电子与信息工程学院，哈尔滨150006
  • 收稿日期:2025-07-29 修回日期:2025-11-19 录用日期:2025-12-10 发布日期:2026-05-21 出版日期:2026-05-31

Analysis of frequency offset impact on IoT NTN satellite communication system with transparent forwarding architecture

CHEN Yijun1，DING Sheng1,*，GAO Xiangdong1，MENG Weixiao2   

  1. 1.ZHEJIANG GEESPACE TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD.，Shanghai 200233，China
    2.Harbin Institute of Technology，School of Electronics and Information Engineering，Harbin 150006，China

  • Received:2025-07-29 Revision received:2025-11-19 Accepted:2025-12-10 Online:2026-05-21 Published:2026-05-31

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摘要： 透明转发架构IoT NTN卫星通信系统采用正交频分多址技术，其性能受频偏影响较大，当前，在工程实践时，缺乏频偏影响分析手段。为给出可用于透明转发架构IoT NTN卫星通信系统工程实践的频偏影响分析方法，提出一种频偏分析模型和频偏相关指标设计建议。针对返向链路抗频偏能力受限的特点，通过仿真分析和测试验证，得到IoT NTN抗频偏能力极限。星历误差和时钟频率误差是影响系统性能的主要因素，根据仿真分析和测试验证得到，返向频偏不应超过200Hz。为保证不超过该门限值，卫星星历误差应保持在20m以内，地面段时钟频率精度不应超过3ppb，空间段时钟频率精度不应超过10ppb。除针对透明转发架构IoT NTN卫星通信系统外，该研究方法可推广至更广泛通信系统的频偏指标设计，为其工程实践提供有益参考。

关键词: IoT NTN, 卫星通信系统, 透明转发, 频偏, 星历, 时钟

Abstract: The IoT NTN (Internet of Things Non-Terrestrial Network) satellite communication system, based on a transparent forwarding architecture, utilizes Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) technology. While effective, its performance is significantly sensitive to frequency offset. Currently, engineering practice lacks robust analytical tools to evaluate these effects. To provide a practical frequency offset analysis method for transparent IoT NTN systems, this paper proposes a frequency offset analysis model and offers design recommendations for related performance indicators. Focusing on the limited frequency offset tolerance of the return link, the systems operational limits were determined through rigorous simulation analysis and experimental testing. The study identifies ephemeris errors and clock frequency errors as the primary factors degrading system performance. Results indicate that the return link frequency offset should be maintained below 200Hz. To ensure compliance with this threshold, the following specifications are proposed: the ephemeris error should be kept within 20m, the ground segment clock frequency accuracy should not exceed 3ppb, and the space segment clock frequency accuracy should not exceed 10ppb. Beyond its application to transparent IoT NTN architecture, the research methodology presented here can be extended to the design of frequency offset indicators for broader communication systems, providing a valuable reference for engineering implementation.

Key words: IoT NTN, satellite communication system, transparent forwarding, frequency error, ephemeris, clock