中国空间科学技术 ›› 2017, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (6): 68-.doi: 10.16708/j.cnki.1000-758X.2017.0049

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热开关热管在月面探测光学设备中的应用

 张冰强, 吕巍, 张有为, 李福, 刘自军, 郭霖, 苗建印   

  1. 1中国空间技术研究院总体部,北京100094
    2空间热控技术北京市重点实验室,北京100094
    3中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所,西安710119
  • 收稿日期:2016-12-19 修回日期:2017-04-21 出版日期:2017-12-25 发布日期:2017-06-29

Designandapplicationofheatpipethermalswitchonlunarbasedultraviolettelescope

 ZHANG  Bing-Qiang, 吕Wei , ZHANG  You-Wei, LI  Fu, LIU  Zi-Jun, GUO  Lin, MIAO  Jian-Yin   

  1. 1BeijingInstituteofSpacecraftSystemEngineering,Beijing100094,China
    2BeijingKeyLaboratoryofSpaceThermalControlTechnology,Beijing100094,China
    3Xi′anInstituteofOpticsandPrecisionMechanics,ChineseAcademyofSciences,Xi′an710119,China
  • Received:2016-12-19 Revised:2017-04-21 Published:2017-12-25 Online:2017-06-29

摘要: 在月面-180~+90℃的极端高低温环境下,月面探测光学设备的月昼远距离散热和月夜保温矛盾异常突出。针对设备热耗的传输、排散,以及月夜生存时的热能存留问题,利用热管工质的汽、液、固相变特性,提出一种无源热开关热管作为设备和散热面间长距离传热手段,即依据设备温度指标选择具有合适凝固点和传热能力的工质,当月昼工作期间通过热管内工质两相传热实现热量的高效收集和传输,到月夜期间冻结热管内全部工质,完全切断热管与散热面间的两相传热,维持设备温度。地面试验和在轨飞行数据表明,热开关热管凝固点附近热导比达30以上。热管工作时,7℃时传热能力大于15W,传热温差小于4℃,且能够适应着陆器±15°的倾斜,确保了嫦娥三号着陆器月基光学望远镜在轨的高性能工作。

关键词: 嫦娥三号着陆器, 月基光学望远镜, 热开关热管, 热导比

Abstract: Inthebrutaltemperatureenvironmentinmoonsurfacewiththerangeof-180℃to90℃,itneedstosolvetheLunarBasedUltravioletTelescope(LUT)heatdissipationduringlunardaytimeandheatpreservationduringmoonlitnightwithoutelectricenergysupply.Inordertosolvetheheatconsumptiontransmission,discharge,andtheheatpreservationproblemofmoonnight,apassiveheatpipethermalswitch(HPTS)wasproposedasameansoflongdistanceheattransferbetweenthedeviceandtheradiator,accordingtothephasetransitioncharacteristicsoftheworkingfluid.Dependingontheequipmenttemperatureindex,aworkingfluidwithsuitablefreezingpointandheattransfercapacitywasselected.TheHPTSwasfilledwithworkingfluid,whichcantransmitenergyfromevaporatortocondenserbyphasechange.Inextremelylowtemperatureofthenight,theworkingfluidisfrozen,itcausestheconnectiontobeinterrupted,andthentheLUTcanbemaintainedabovethesurvivaltemperature.IthasbeenproventhroughthegroundtestandinorbitresultthattheswitchingratioofHPTSisgreaterthan30nearthefreezingpoint.Ataworkingtemperatureof7℃,theheattransfercapacityofHPTSisgreaterthan15W,andheattransfertemperaturedifferenceislessthan4℃.Inaddition,theHPTScanaccommodateLander′stiltof±15°.AllthepropertiesoftheHPTSensurethattheLUTonLanderworksinorbitwithhighperformance.

Key words: Chang′E3Lander, lunarbasedultraviolettelescope, heatpipethermalswitch, conductanceratio