中国空间科学技术

中国空间科学技术 ›› 2021, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (1): 120-130.doi: 10.16708/j.cnki.1000-758X.2021.0015

• 技术交流 • 上一篇    

深空撞击载荷总体技术分析与效能仿真

马鑫，周琪，李明涛，张会锁   

  1. 1 中国科学院国家空间科学中心中国科学院复杂航天系统电子信息技术重点实验室，北京100400
    2 中国科学院大学，北京101408
    3 中北大学机电工程学院，太原030051
  • 出版日期:2021-02-25 发布日期:2021-02-02

Overall technology analysis and efficiency simulation of the deep space impactor

MA Xin，ZHOU Qi，LI Mingtao，ZHANG Huisuo   

  1. 1 Key Laboratory of Electronics and Information Technology for Space System, Chinese Academy of Sciences，
    Beijing 100400, China
    2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences， Beijing, 101408，China
    3 North University of China，Taiyuan, 030051，China
  • Published:2021-02-25 Online:2021-02-02

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摘要： 以近地小行星2016HO3为深空撞击目标开展科学探测，从爆炸成型弹丸技术、安全可靠爆炸技术、撞击载荷分离技术、撞击效能仿真技术等7个方面系统详细地进行了基于聚能爆炸成型弹丸的撞击载荷技术体系解析与技术内涵阐述，给出了深空撞击载荷初步总体设计方案；通过弹丸撞击靶板的数值模拟仿真，得到了撞击速度在0.2～0.4cm/μs变化范围下产生32～47cm大小的撞击坑坑径结果，得出了撞击坑直径随弹丸不同撞击速度、靶材不同密度、不同强度和不同厚度的变化规律，为撞击载荷总体优化设计提供了撞击效能仿真技术支撑。

关键词: 行星物质探测, 聚能爆炸成型, 深空探测, 撞击载荷, 效能仿真

Abstract: In order to impact the near-Earth asteroid 2016HO3 for scientific exploration, the "deep space impacting mission" and the present state of the deep space impactor were presented, the Hayabusa-2 deep space impacting mission was reviewed in detail, the scientific objectives of the deep space impactor with regard to China′s plan for future deep space missions to near-Earth asteroids were given. Through the deep investigation and analysis of the Hayabusa-2 impactor, the whole technology system of the deep space impactor which is based on explosively-formed projectile was obtained; the detailed technical analysis and technical connotation of the explosively-formed projectile, the safe and reliable explosion, the impactor separation, the impacting simulation and some other aspects were given systematically. The preliminary design of the deep space impactor for the near-Earth asteroid 2016HO3 was obtained. Through the impacting simulation, the results show that the diameters of impact craters vary from 32cm to 47cm with different impacting speed of 0.2cm/μs to 0.4cm/μs. The high resolution variation pattern of the diameter and depth of impact crater with different projectile thicknesses, impacting velocities, and projectile diameters were provided. This paper can provide technology support for the overall optimization of the deep space impactor.

Key words: asteroid material exploration, explosively-formed projectile, deep space exploration, impactor, impacting simulation