中国空间科学技术

中国空间科学技术 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (2): 42-50.doi: 10.16708/j.cnki.1000-758X.2025.0021

• 微重力流体科学及其空间应用专题 • 上一篇    下一篇

微重力环境电解制氧系统临界运行条件与供水优化研究

朱凤1，焦飞飞2，3，*，王飞2，3，李森2，3，王秀珍1，4，王双峰   

  1. 1.中国科学院力学研究所 中国科学院微重力重点实验室，北京100190
    2.中国航天员科研训练中心 北京100094
    3.人因工程全国重点实验室，北京100094
    4.中国科学院大学 工程科学学院，北京100049
  • 收稿日期:2024-03-06 修回日期:2024-03-25 录用日期:2024-04-28 发布日期:2025-03-13 出版日期:2025-04-01

Critical operating conditions and water supply optimization of electrolytic oxygen generation system under microgravity environment

ZHU Feng1， JIAO Feifei2，3，*， WANG Fei2，3， LI Sen2，3， WANG Xiuzhen1，4， WANG Shuangfeng1，4，*   

  1. 1.China Key Laboratory of Microgravity， Institute of Mechanics， Chinese Academy of Sciences， Beijing 100190， China
    2.China Astronaut Research and Training Center， Beijing 100094， China
    3.National Key Laboratory of Human Factors Engineering， Beijing 100094， China
    4.School of Engineering Science， University of Chinese Academy of Sciences， Beijing 100049， China
  • Received:2024-03-06 Revision received:2024-03-25 Accepted:2024-04-28 Online:2025-03-13 Published:2025-04-01

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摘要： 电解制氧系统的稳定运行关系载人航天器内部氧气的稳定连续供应，电解系统临界运行条件是系统安全稳定运行的基础。研究微重力条件下电解制氧芯体单池和电解堆运行时的临界供水量和临界工作电流，并通过改进电解堆局部结构提出了供水优化方案。利用流体动力学模拟软件开展数值模拟，采用气液混合两相流动模型描述电解芯体内的流动过程。研究结果表明，无论对于电解池单体还是电解堆，当工作电流一定时，存在极限供水量，当供水量小于该值时，芯体内部出现局部缺水现象。对于特定的供水量，存在临界工作电流，当电流大于临界值时，芯体内部局部缺水。通过增加供水管径可明显改善多层芯体流量分配的均匀性，随着直径的增加，最小水流量与平均流量的比值线性增加，最大流量与平均流量的比值线性减小，直径增加75%时，最小流量与平均流量的比值增加约39%，最大流量与平均流量的比值降低约30%。进出口在电解堆同侧时水量分配的均匀性更好，相同供水量时，最大水量与平均水量之比可降低30%以上。研究工作可为载人航天器电解槽的安全运行提供参数建议，为系统优化设计提供依据。

关键词: 电解制氧, 临界供水量, 临界电流, 微重力, 两相流

Abstract: Stable operation of the electrolytic oxygen system is key to stable continuous oxygen supply inside human spacecraft， and the critical operation condition of the electrolytic system is the basis of safe and stable operation. The critical water flow rate and the critical operating current for the operation of a single cell of an electrolytic oxygen generating core and an electrolytic stack under microgravity conditions are investigated， and a water supply optimization scheme is proposed by improving the local structure of the electrolytic stack. Numerical simulations are carried out using fluid dynamics simulation software， and a gas-liquid mixed two-phase flow model is used to describe the flow process inside the electrolytic core. For both the electrolytic cell unit and the electrolytic stack， there is a limit water flow rate when the operating current is a constant. When the water flow rate is smaller than this critical value， a local water shortage phenomenon occurs inside the core. For a specific water flow rate， there is a critical operating current， and when the current is greater than the critical value， there is a local water shortage inside the core. The uniformity of the flow distribution of the multilayer core can be significantly improved by increasing the diameter of the water supply pipe. With the increase of the diameter， the ratio of the minimum water mass flux to the average mass flux increases linearly and the ratio of the maximum flow rate to the average flow rate decreases linearly. Typically， when the pipe diameter increases by 75%， the ratio of the minimum flow rate to the average flow rate increases by about 39% and the ratio of the maximum flow rate to the average flow rate decreases by about 30%. The uniformity of water distribution is better when the inlet and outlet are on the same side of the electrolysis stack， and the ratio of the maximum to the average water flow can be reduced by more than 30% with the same water flow rate. The research work can provide parameter suggestions for the safe operation of electrolysis tanks for human spacecraft and a basis for the optimal design of the system.

Key words: water electrolysis, critical water flow rate, critical working current, microgravity, two-phase flow