中国空间科学技术

中国空间科学技术 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (2): 51-60.doi: 10.16708/j.cnki.1000-758X.2025.0022

• 微重力流体科学及其空间应用专题 • 上一篇    下一篇

近壁防晃隔板对空间低温推进剂贮箱自增压过程的影响

魏列1，杜王芳1,2,*，何发龙1,2,3，李凯1,2，赵建福1,2   

  1. 1.中国科学院力学研究所 微重力重点实验室，北京100190
    2.中国科学院大学 工程科学学院，北京100049
    3.天津城建大学 能源与安全工程学院，天津300384
  • 收稿日期:2024-01-03 修回日期:2024-03-06 录用日期:2024-06-30 发布日期:2025-03-13 出版日期:2025-04-01

Influence of near-wall baffles on self-pressurization processes in space cryogenic propellant tanks

WEI lie1， DU Wangfang1,2,*， HE Falong1,2,3， LI Kai1,2， ZHAO Jianfu1,2   

  1. 1.Micro Gravity Key Laboratory， Institute of Mechanics， Chinese Academy of Sciences， Beijing 100190， China
    2.School of Engineering Sciences， University of Chinese Academy of Sciences， Beijing 100049， China
    3.School of Energy and Safety Engineering， Tianjin Chengjian University， Tianjin 300384， China
  • Received:2024-01-03 Revision received:2024-03-06 Accepted:2024-06-30 Online:2025-03-13 Published:2025-04-01

PDF (PC)

14

摘要： 空间低温推进剂贮箱长时间在轨运行期间，往往因壁面漏热使得贮箱内低温推进剂持续蒸发，引起贮箱内压力不断升高（即自增压现象），危及贮箱及航天器安全。为防止液体大幅度晃动，大尺度的空间贮箱内部会设置防晃隔板，后者可能对贮箱内气液流动与传热产生明显影响。采用VOF方法数值模拟了近壁防晃隔板对贮箱内气液两相流动及其热力学过程的影响，以便揭示防晃隔板对贮箱自增压过程的影响机制。不同重力环境部分充液贮箱内有无近壁隔板情形中液体晃动与热力学特征的数值模拟结果表明:贮箱内液面形貌决定于Bond数，远大于1的Bond数条件下液面基本保持水平，而Bond数小于1时液面会沿贮箱壁面爬升；近壁防晃隔板能够显著减少贮箱内工质质心的波动幅度；当近壁防晃隔板位于液面下方时，能阻碍近壁区液体暖流的上升，使得近壁区的液面温度偏低，自增压速率明显低于无隔板贮箱。最后，基于对近壁防晃隔板尺寸影响的仿真分析和比较，给出了不同重力条件下近壁防晃隔板的推荐结构。研究结果可以为空间贮箱流体管理技术的方案设计提供有价值的参考。

关键词: 低温推进剂贮箱, 自增压, 近壁防晃隔板, 微重力, 数值模拟

Abstract: During the long time on-orbit operation of space cryogenic propellant tanks, the continuous evaporation of cryogenic propellant in the tanks due to heat leakage from the wall surface causes the pressure in the tanks to rise continuously (i. e. the self-pressurization phenomenon), jeopardizing the safety of the tanks and the spacecraft. In order to prevent large liquid sloshing, large-scale spatial tanks are equipped with sloshing-suppression barriers, which may have a significant impact on the gas-liquid flow and heat transfer inside the tank. In this paper, the effect of the near-wall barrier on the gas-liquid two-phase flow and its thermodynamic process in the storage tank is numerically simulated using the VOF method, in order to reveal the mechanism of the effect of the sloshing-suppression barrier on the self-pressurization process of the storage tank. Numerical simulation results of liquid sloshing and thermodynamic characteristics in partially liquid-filled storage tanks with and without near-wall barriers in different gravity environments show that: the liquid surface configuration in the tank is determined by the Bond number, and the liquid surface basically stays flat in the condition of Bond number much larger than 1, while the liquid surface climbs along the wall of the tank in the case of Bond number less than 1; near-wall sloshing-suppression barriers can significantly reduce the fluctuation of the center of mass of the fluid in the tank; when the near-wall sloshing-suppression barrier is located below the liquid surface, it can hinder the rise of liquid warming in the near-wall area, which makes the liquid surface temperature in the near-wall area low, and the self-pressurization rate is obviously lower than that of the storage tank without a barrier. Finally, based on the simulation analysis and comparison of the effect of the near-wall barrier size, the recommended configurations of the near-wall sloshing-suppression barriers under different gravity conditions are given. The results of the study can provide a valuable reference for the program design of fluid management technology for space tanks.

Key words: space cryogenic propellant tank, self-pressurization, near-wall baffle, microgravity, numerical simulation