中国空间科学技术

中国空间科学技术 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (1): 48-58.doi: 10.16708/j.cnki.1000-758X.2026.0008

• 低轨巨型星座专题 • 上一篇    

基于MBSE的面向大规模星座的卫星系统敏捷设计

贾晓冬1，崔玉福1,*，刘静宇1，李春光2，刘朋雨1，曹丽君1，辛旭1   

  1. 1.航天东方红卫星有限公司，北京100094
    2.杭州电子科技大学机械工程学院，杭州310018
  • 收稿日期:2025-07-01 修回日期:2025-07-27 录用日期:2025-07-30 发布日期:2026-01-09 出版日期:2026-01-30

Agile design of satellite systems for large-scale constellations 

JIA Xiaodong1，CUI Yufu1,*，LIU Jingyu1，LI Chunguang2，LIU Pengyu1，CAO Lijun1，XIN Xu1   

  1. 1.DFH Satellite Co., Ltd.，Beijing 100094,China
    2.Mechanical Engineering School, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
  • Received:2025-07-01 Revision received:2025-07-27 Accepted:2025-07-30 Online:2026-01-09 Published:2026-01-30

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摘要： 针对低轨巨型星座大规模批产背景下，传统基于文档的卫星系统设计方法存在系统性不足、迭代效率低、批量测试困难等问题，旨在构建基于模型的系统工程（MBSE）的卫星系统敏捷设计方法，以实现设计流程的高效迭代与批量验证，满足大规模星座短周期研制需求。研究采用多层次模型复用架构与增量开发模式相结合的技术路径：首先构建系统级-分系统级-单机级的三级模型体系，通过元模型基础库、单机单元库与卫星架构库的多层次复用机制，实现设计经验的模型化固化；其次提出基于用例的增量开发模式，将需求变更映射为场景迭代，通过SysML模型实现需求到指标的动态传递；最后建立基于系统验证模型的批测试设计方法，构建测试用例与需求的关联矩阵，实现设计与测试的全链路闭环验证。以光学遥感卫星批产项目为案例，通过模型输入参数迭代、分系统方案权衡及总体指标验证，完成方法的工程验证。应用验证表明，该方法使卫星方案论证效率提升约80%。提出的MBSE敏捷设计方法通过模型复用机制实现了设计经验的数字化传承，基于用例的增量开发模式解决了需求变更的高效响应问题，测试闭环机制提升了大规模星座的批量验证能力。研究成果为卫星系统工程的数字化转型提供了可推广的技术框架，拓展模型在卫星批产全生命周期中的应用深度。

关键词: MBSE, 大规模星座, 卫星系统, 敏捷设计, 系统工程

Abstract: In the field of mass production of low-orbit large-scale satellite, the traditional document-based systems design method exists many problems such as insufficient systematization, low iteration efficiency, and difficulties in batch testing. This study aims to construct a kind of agile design method of satellite system based on model-based systems engineering (MBSE) to achieve efficient iteration and batch verification of design process, and short the development requirements cycle of large-scale constellations. This paper gives a technical path combining a multi-level model reuse architecture and an incremental development model. Firstly, a three-level model system (system level-subsystem level-unit level) is constructed. Through the multi-level reuse mechanism of the meta-model library, unit library and architecture library, the design experience is solidified by model. Secondly, an incremental development mode based on use cases is proposed. The requirement changes are mapped to scenario iterations, and requirements are dynamically transferred to indices through SysML models. Finally, a batch testing design method based on system verification models is established, and the traceability matrix between test cases and requirements is constructed to achieve full-link closed-loop verification of design and testing. This research takes the mass production project of optical remote sensing satellites as a case. Through the model iterative of input parameters, the trade-off of subsystem schemes and the verification of mission requirements, the method is verified by engineering case. The application verification shows that the design efficiency is improved by approximately 80%. The MBSE agile design method proposed in this study realizes the digital inheritance of design experience by the model reuse mechanism, solves the problem of efficient response of requirement changes by the incremental development mode based on use cases, and improves the batch verification capability of large-scale constellations by the closed-loop mechanism of test. This research results provide a scalable technical framework for the digital transformation of satellite system engineering and expand the application depth of models in the entire life cycle of satellite mass production.

Key words: MBSE, large-scale constellations, satellite system, agile design, systems engineering