中国空间科学技术

中国空间科学技术 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (1): 169-177.doi: 10.16708/j.cnki.1000-758X.2026.0016

• 论文 • 上一篇    

高轨接收机强星辅助弱星的信号快速重捕算法

张春杰1,2，葛建1,*   

  1. 1.中国科学院空天信息创新研究院，北京100094
    2.中国科学院大学电子电气与通信工程学院，北京100049
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-21 修回日期:2025-06-03 录用日期:2025-06-10 发布日期:2026-01-09 出版日期:2026-01-30

Fast signal recapture algorithm for strong star assisted weak star in high orbit receiver

ZHANG Chunjie1,2，GE Jian1,*   

  1. 1.Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Science,Beijing 100094, China
    2.School of Electronic Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049, China
  • Received:2025-05-21 Revision received:2025-06-03 Accepted:2025-06-10 Online:2026-01-09 Published:2026-01-30

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摘要： 为了捕获来自地球对侧的微弱导航信号，运行在地球静止轨道及更高高度的接收机必须采用长相干积分时间。然而长相干积分时间的使用将导致信号捕获时，信号搜索单元数量过大。高轨接收机能接收到一颗导航卫星主瓣信号的概率较高，且接收机捕获主瓣信号(称主瓣信号对应的卫星为强星)时，其捕获效率和准确度均远高于旁瓣信号(称旁瓣信号对应的卫星为弱星)。基于这一事实，提出了一种利用强星辅助弱星的信号快速重捕算法。首先对高轨接收机失锁期间的位置误差变化规律进行分析，以确定接收机到弱星伪距估计误差的范围。其次，在接收机已经捕获到一个主瓣信号的前提下，利用接收机与已捕获卫星之间的距离约束，来减小接收机位置的不确定性，从而压缩待捕获卫星伪距估计误差的范围，达到减小码相位搜索单元数量的目的。理论分析和仿真结果共同表明，在强星的辅助下，接收机在捕获弱星时，码相位搜索范围平均减少了50%以上，且减小程度与强星和弱星视距矢量夹角的正弦值成反比；接收机的轨道高度越高，强星和弱星视距矢量夹角的平均值越小，对弱星码相位搜索范围的压缩效果越好。该方法能大幅提升高轨接收机信号重捕效率，进而提高接收机的自主导航能力。


关键词: 高轨接收机, 信号重捕, 主瓣信号, 旁瓣信号, 码相位范围压缩

Abstract: To capture weak navigation signals from the opposite side of the Earth, receivers operating in geostationary orbit and higher altitudes must use long coherent integration time. However, the application of long coherent integration time leads to an excessive number of search units during signal acquisition. For high orbit receivers, the probability of receiving the main lobe signal from a navigation satellite is relatively high. When the receiver captures the strong signal from the main lobe (referred to as a strong satellite), the acquisition efficiency and accuracy are much higher than when capturing the weak signal from a side lobe (referred to as a weak satellite). Thus, a rapid signal recapture algorithm using a strong satellite to assist weak satellites is proposed. Firstly, the position error pattern of the high orbit receiver during the loss-of-lock period is analyzed and the range of the pseudo-range estimation error from the receiver to the weak satellite is derived. Then, assuming that the receiver has already captured a main lobe signal, the distance constraint between the receiver and the captured satellite is used to reduce the receiver's position uncertainty, thereby narrowing the range of the pseudo-range estimation error for the satellite to be captured and reducing the number of code phase search units. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that, with the assistance of a strong satellite, the code phase search range for capturing a weak satellite is reduced by more than 50% on average, and the reduction is inversely proportional to the sine value of the angle between the line-of-sight vectors of the strong and weak satellites. Furthermore, the higher the receiver's orbit, the smaller the average angle between the line-of-sight vectors of the strong and weak satellites, and the better the compression effect on the weak satellite's code phase search range. This method can significantly improve the efficiency of signal re-acquisition for high orbit receivers and enhance their autonomous navigation capabilities.

Key words: high orbit receiver, signal recapture, main-lobe signal, side-lobe signal, code phase range compression