中国空间科学技术

中国空间科学技术 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (2): 138-150.doi: 10.16708/j.cnki.1000-758X.2026.0032

• 载人月球探测专刊 • 上一篇    

面向月面探测的三反射式聚光器设计

张彦龙1，田梦凡2，夏舟2，李丽芳1,3,*，郭朋真2，邓宗全1   

  1. 1.哈尔滨工业大学宇航空间机构全国重点实验室，哈尔滨150001
    2.哈尔滨工业大学激光空间信息全国重点实验室，哈尔滨150001
    3.哈尔滨工业大学空间环境与物质作用全国重点实验室，哈尔滨150001
  • 收稿日期:2025-09-22 修回日期:2025-10-31 录用日期:2025-11-15 发布日期:2026-03-20 出版日期:2026-03-31

A triple-reflector concentrator for lunar exploration

ZHANG Yanlong1, TIAN Mengfan2, XIA Zhou2, LI Lifang1,3, *, GUO Pengzhen2, DENG Zongquan1   

  1. 1.National Key Laboratory of Aerospace Mechanism, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
    2.National Key Laboratory of Laser Spatial Information, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
    3.National Key Laboratory of Space Environment and Matter Behaviors, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
  • Received:2025-09-22 Revision received:2025-10-31 Accepted:2025-11-15 Online:2026-03-20 Published:2026-03-31

PDF (PC)

89

摘要： 为解决月面探测与原位资源利用中太阳能收集效率低、聚光系统像差大及能量传输不稳定的问题，开展了三反射式太阳能聚光系统的优化与像差补偿研究。设计了由主镜、双面次镜和快速反射镜（FSM）构成的三反射式聚光光路，提出基于共轭修正的次镜像差补偿方法。引入有效光焦度（EOF）指标，以平衡球差补偿与遮挡损失。利用光线追迹仿真分析焦斑能量分布与像差演化规律，并基于拉格朗日方程建立FSM光路耦合动力学模型，实现角度补偿控制。研究表明，该系统在主镜球差完全补偿后实现了204×聚光比与准平行光输出。经EOF优化后，有效光能利用率较传统双反射系统提升约15%。FSM补偿控制使追踪角度误差降低至1μrad以内，显著提高了系统的远程能量传输稳定性。三反射式聚光结构与FSM复合控制实现了近距高聚光比与远距平行光输出的协同优化，有效减弱次镜遮挡对焦斑质量的影响。该研究结果对月面长期探测、空间太阳能电站及高温太阳热化学应用具有意义。

关键词: 月面探测, 太阳能, 聚光器, 快反镜, 光线追迹, 补偿

Abstract: To address the challenges of low solar collection efficiency, large optical aberrations, and unstable energy transmission in lunar exploration and in-situ resource utilization (ISRU), the optimization and dynamic compensation of a triple-reflector solar concentrator are investigated. The concentrator is designed with a primary mirror, a double-sided secondary mirror, and a fast steering mirror (FSM). A conjugate-correction method for secondary-mirror aberration compensation is developed, and an effective optical focality (EOF) metric is introduced to balance spherical-aberration correction and energy occlusion. Ray-tracing simulations are performed to analyze the evolution of focal-spot energy distribution and aberration patterns. In addition, a coupled dynamic model of the FSM-optical path is established based on the Lagrange formulation to realize precise angular compensation and stable beam control.The proposed system achieves a 204× concentration ratio and produces a quasi-parallel beam after complete spherical-aberration correction. EOF-based optimization improves the effective optical efficiency by approximately 15% compared with conventional dual-reflector systems. With FSM compensation, the tracking angular error is reduced to below 1 μrad, significantly enhancing the stability of long-distance optical energy transmission. The integration of the triple-reflector configuration with FSM-based control achieves coordinated optimization of high-concentration near-field focusing and collimated long-range beam output, while effectively mitigating secondary-mirror obstruction. The findings are of importance for long-term lunar missions, space-based solar power (SBSP), and high-temperature solar thermochemical applications.

Key words: lunar exploration, solar energy, concentrator, fast steering mirror, ray tracing；compensation