中国空间科学技术

中国空间科学技术 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (4): 61-71.doi: 10.16708/j.cnki.1000-758X.2026.0058

• 庆祝王希季院士105岁寿辰特别专题 • 上一篇    下一篇

伞衣幅数对超声速降落伞性能的影响

赵绍银1,2，周一苇1,2，杨思远1,2，包文龙3，贾贺3，荣伟3，邹天琪3，代雨柔3，薛晓鹏1,2*   

  1. 1.中南大学自动化学院，长沙410083
    2.光电智能测控湖南省重点实验室，长沙410083
    3.北京空间机电研究所，北京100094
  • 收稿日期:2025-12-01 修回日期:2026-02-06 录用日期:2026-02-10 发布日期:2026-07-16 出版日期:2026-07-31

Influence of canopy gore number on supersonic parachute performances

ZHAO Shaoyin1,2，ZHOU Yiwei1,2，YANG Siyuan1,2，BAO Wenlong3，JIA He3，RONG Wei3，ZOU Tianqi3，DAI Yurou3，XUE Xiaopeng1,2,*   

  1. 1.School of Automation, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
    2.Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Optic-Electronic Intelligent Measurement and Control, Changsha 410083, China
    3.Beijing Institute of Space Mechanics & Electricity, Beijing 100094, China
  • Received:2025-12-01 Revision received:2026-02-06 Accepted:2026-02-10 Online:2026-07-16 Published:2026-07-31

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摘要： 超声速降落伞是深空探测任务中的关键气动减速装置，其柔性伞衣具有非线性大变形的特点。伞衣形态对超声速降落伞的气动性能、力学特征均有重要影响。而伞衣幅数对柔性降落伞的充气与变形有重要影响，但机理尚不明确。为研究伞衣幅数对超声速降落伞充气展开与气动特性的影响规律，使用任意拉格朗日欧拉流固耦合方法对16、24和32幅数的盘缝带伞与锥形带条伞进行了数值模拟研究。结果表明：盘缝带伞在幅数由16增加至24幅时各项参数基本不变，但继续增加至32幅时，充气时间显著缩短，阻力系数明显增大，侧向力系数大幅增加。与盘缝带伞不同，锥形带条伞随幅数增加充气时间持续缩短，开伞动载持续增大，阻力系数增幅较小，侧向力系数变化不大。综合比较发现，伞衣幅数的影响具有非线性特征，增加伞衣幅数有利于改善充气与阻力性能，但须注意过多的幅数会导致盘缝带伞侧向力系数变大、锥形带条伞开伞动载显著增大。

关键词: 超声速降落伞, 伞衣幅数, 充气过程, 气动性能, 数值模拟

Abstract: Supersonic parachutes serve as critical aerodynamic decelerators in deep space exploration missions. Their flexible canopies exhibit characteristics of nonlinear large deformation. The canopy shape significantly affects both aerodynamic performance and mechanical characteristics. The gore number plays a vital role in the inflation and deformation of flexible parachutes. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. To investigate the influence of the number of gores on inflation dynamics and aerodynamic performance, this study performed numerical simulations on Disk-Gap-Band (DGB) and conical ribbon parachutes with 16, 24, and 32 gores, employing the arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian fluid-structure interaction (FSI) method. The results showed that for the DGB parachute, parameters remained essentially unchanged as the gore number increased from 16 to 24. However, as the number further increased to 32, inflation time shortened significantly and the drag coefficient increased markedly, while the lateral force coefficient spiked. In contrast, the conical ribbon parachute behaved differently. Its inflation time decreased continuously with more gores, and the opening load rose steadily. The drag coefficient increased moderately, while the lateral force coefficient remained largely unchanged. These findings demonstrate that gore number exerts a nonlinear influence on parachute performances. While adding gores generally improves inflation speed and drag, excessive gores lead to a higher lateral force coefficient for DGB parachutes and a substantial increase in the opening dynamic load for conical ribbon parachutes.

Key words: supersonic parachute, gore number, inflation process, aerodynamic characteristics, numerical simulation