中国空间科学技术

中国空间科学技术 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (4): 119-128.doi: 10.16708/j.cnki.1000-758X.2026.0063

• 低轨导航技术专栏 • 上一篇    下一篇

顾及不同电离层时空约束的低轨卫星精密定轨

郭荣欣1,2，龚俊鹏1,2，龚晓鹏1，宋伟伟1,3，辜声峰1,3,*   

  1. 1.武汉大学卫星导航定位技术研究中心，武汉430079
    2.武汉大学测绘学院，武汉430079
    3.湖北省珞珈实验室，武汉430079
  • 收稿日期:2025-10-30 修回日期:2025-12-22 录用日期:2025-12-31 发布日期:2026-07-16 出版日期:2026-07-31

Precise orbit determination for LEO satellites with different ionospheric spatiotemporal constraints

GUO Rongxin1,2，GONG Junpeng1,2，GONG Xiaopeng1，SONG Weiwei1,3，GU Shengfeng1,3,*   

  1. 1.GNSS Research Center，Wuhan University，Wuhan 430079，China
    2.School of Geodesy and Geomatics，Wuhan University，Wuhan 430079，China
    3.Hubei Luojia Laboratory，Wuhan 430079，China
  • Received:2025-10-30 Revision received:2025-12-22 Accepted:2025-12-31 Online:2026-07-16 Published:2026-07-31

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摘要： 针对不同电离层活动环境下低轨卫星精密定轨问题，提出了一种顾及电离层时空约束的星载GNSS非组合数据处理方法。基于Sentinel-6A实测星载GNSS观测数据，系统对比了无电离层（IF）组合与4种顾及不同电离层时空约束的非组合策略在磁静与磁暴期间定轨性能。结果表明：在磁静期间，4种非组合策略定轨精度优于IF组合；观测较少时，附加先验改正并顾及电离层时域约束策略表现更佳；观测充足时，附加先验改正并顾及电离层时空约束策略表现更优，其GPS/Galileo组合定轨三维均方根（3D RMS）误差达到5.11cm。在磁暴期间，各电离层策略定轨精度均有下降，但IF组合表现更为稳健，平均仅降低约3%，其GPS/Galileo组合3D RMS达到5.64cm。收敛速度方面，4种非组合策略的GPS/Gaileo组合解基本相近且均优于IF组合，其中附加先验改正同时顾及电离层时空约束策略在磁静期间约为215s，磁暴期间增至约286s。相关研究成果可为不同电离层环境下的LEO卫星精密定轨策略优化提供参考。

关键词: 电离层延迟, 时空约束, 磁暴, 低轨卫星, 精密定轨

Abstract: To address the challenges of precise orbit determination (POD) for low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites under various ionospheric conditions, this study proposes an uncombined GNSS data processing method that incorporates spatiotemporal ionospheric constraints. Using onboard GNSS data from the Sentinel-6A satellite, we systematically compared the orbit determination performance of the ionosphere-free (IF) combination and four uncombined strategies with different ionospheric constraints during both geomagnetically quiet and storm periods. Results indicate that during quiet periods, all uncombined strategies outperformed the IF combination in terms of orbit accuracy. With limited observations, the strategy applying priori corrections and temporal ionospheric constraints performed best. Under sufficient observations, the strategy incorporating both priori corrections and spatiotemporal constraints achieved optimal performance, yielding a three-dimensional root mean square (3D RMS) error of 5.11cm for the combined GPS/Galileo solution. During storm periods, all strategies experienced accuracy degradation, while the IF combination remained more stable, with only a 3% average reduction in accuracy and a 3D RMS of 5.64cm for the GPS/Galileo solution. In terms of convergence time, the four uncombined strategies performed similarly and were all faster than the IF combination. Among them, the strategy incorporating priori corrections and spatiotemporal constraints converged in about 215s during quiet periods, increasing to approximately 286 s during storm conditions. These findings provide valuable insights for optimizing POD strategies for LEO satellites under varying ionospheric conditions.

Key words: ionospheric delay, keyword2, geomagnetic storm, low earth orbit satellites, precise orbit determination