中国空间科学技术

中国空间科学技术 ›› 2024, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (3): 15-29.doi: 10.16708/j.cnki.1000-758X.2024.0035

• 地月空间基础设施专题 • 上一篇    下一篇

近月空间星座轨道设计方法

陈诗雨，倪彦硕，彭兢   

  1. 北京空间飞行器总体设计部，北京100094

  • 收稿日期:2024-01-22 修回日期:2024-02-17 录用日期:2024-02-17 发布日期:2024-06-05 出版日期:2024-06-25

Orbit design method of near-lunar space constellation

CHEN Shiyu，NI Yanshuo，PENG Jing   

  1. Beijing Institute of Spacecraft System Engineering，Beijing 100094，China
  • Received:2024-01-22 Revision received:2024-02-17 Accepted:2024-02-17 Online:2024-06-05 Published:2024-06-25

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摘要： 结合未来月球探测任务对中继通信及月面导航的需求，提出一种近月空间星座轨道构型设计方法。首先梳理了中继通信、月面导航、建设及维护成本三个方面的星座设计指标，并应用层次分析法确定了各项指标的权重，给出综合评价指标；充分考虑近月空间轨道资源，分析各类轨道的性质，初步筛选适合部署星座的轨道类型；提出一种近月空间星座建设路线，分三个阶段逐步实现全月的100%四重覆盖；依次设计三个阶段的星座构型，对每个阶段，比较不同的构型方案，选择综合评价指标最优的构型方案。基于上述方法得到了近月空间星座建设方案：第一阶段部署2颗椭圆冻结轨道卫星，可为月球南极极区提供全时对地中继通信；第二阶段部署6颗椭圆冻结轨道卫星、2颗近直线晕轨道卫星、1颗L2晕轨道卫星，可为月球南极极区提供全时导航定位，并为全月面提供全时对地通信；第三阶段部署4颗椭圆冻结轨道卫星、2颗近直线晕轨道卫星、1颗L1晕轨道卫星、3颗远距离逆行轨道卫星，可为全月提供全时导航定位。对全月任一点，该星座的几何精度衰减因子小于5的时间至少占72%，可长时间为全月面提供高精度导航定位。相较于现有文献，该近月空间星座设计方法考虑的轨道类型更丰富，星座性能指标更全面，且创新性地提出了分阶段的近月空间星座建设方案。

关键词: 近月空间, 通信, 导航, 轨道设计, 星座构型

Abstract:  According to the requirements of relay communication and lunar navigation for future lunar exploration missions，an orbit design method of near-moon space constellation is proposed.First，the indexes of constellation design in relay communication，lunar navigation，cost for deployment and maintenance are sorted out，and analytic hierarchy process is applied to determine the weights of the indexes so that a comprehensive evaluation index can be proposed.The properties of various types of orbits are analyzed with full consideration of orbit resources near the moon，and the orbit types suitable for constellation deployment are initially screened.A construction route of the near-moon space constellation is proposed，where 100% quadruple cover for the whole moon is gradually realized in three stages.The constellation configurations in the three stages are designed successively.For each stage，different configurations are compared and the one with the best comprehensive evaluation index is selected.Based on the above method，the construction scheme of the constellation in near-moon space is obtained.In the first stage，2 satellites are deployed in elliptical lunar frozen orbit（ELFO）to provide full-time earth relay communication for the south pole region of the moon.In the second stage，6 ELFO satellites，2 near rectilinear halo orbit（NRHO）satellites，and 1 L2 halo orbit satellite are deployed to provide full-time navigation for the south pole region and fulltime earth communication for the entire lunar surface.In the third stage，4 ELFO satellites，2 NRHO satellites，1 L1 halo orbit satellite，and 3 distant retrograde orbit satellites are deployed to provide full-time navigation for the entire lunar surface.For any position in the whole lunar surface，the geometric dilution of precision of the designed constellation keeps below 5 in at least 72% of the time，leading to a long-term high-precision navigation for the whole lunar surface.Compared with the existing literature，the proposed design method of the near-lunar space constellation considers more orbit types，more comprehensive constellation performance indexes，and innovatively puts forward a phased construction scheme of the near-lunar space constellation.

Key words: near-lunar space, communication, navigation, orbit design, constellation configuration