中国空间科学技术

中国空间科学技术 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (3): 41-55.doi: 10.16708/j.cnki.1000.758X.2025.0037

• 嫦娥六号探测器和鹊桥二号中继星专题Ⅲ • 上一篇    下一篇

鹊桥二号中继通信载荷任务分析与设计

徐进1，王秋平1,*，李耀1，孙骥2，陈岚1，余晓川1，汪海1，田森1，党晓康1，王永塔1   

  1. 1.西安空间无线电技术研究所，西安 710100
    2.中国空间技术研究院，北京 100094
  • 收稿日期:2024-08-09 修回日期:2024-11-29 录用日期:2024-12-10 发布日期:2025-05-15 出版日期:2025-06-01

Mission analysis and design of Queqiao-2 communication relay payload

XU Jin1, WANG Qiuping1，*, LI Yao1，SUN Ji2, CHEN Lan1, YU Xiaochuan1, WANG Hai1, TIAN Sen1, DANG Xiaokang1, WANG Yongta1   

  1. 1.Xi’an Institute of Space Radio Technology, Xi’an 710100, China
    2.China Academy of Space Technology, Beijing 100094, China
  • Received:2024-08-09 Revision received:2024-11-29 Accepted:2024-12-10 Online:2025-05-15 Published:2025-06-01

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摘要： 鹊桥二号是针对探月四期月球着陆任务所研制的月球中继卫星，支持月球探测任务实施，实现月球背面及极区多次任务及多器（嫦娥六号、嫦娥七号、嫦娥八号等）和地面站之间的中继通信等服务，其中中继通信载荷是鹊桥二号最关键和最核心的部分。针对中继通信载荷的任务特点、方案设计及关键技术进行分析和说明。综合考虑通信体制、远距离链路传输、与多个探测器适配的兼容性以及工程实现性等约束条件，中继通信载荷利用软件无线电技术特点，开发了全数字化的前向调制、返向解调功能，结合软件在轨可更新的能力，实现了创新灵活的系统设计方案；识别了返向链路多目标大动态信号检测及跟踪关键技术，开发了相关软件算法，解决了信号在大动态/多目标环境下的检测及跟踪问题，达到了返向链路稳定建链的目的。鹊桥二号自2024年3月发射以来，中继通信载荷在轨工作状态良好，可靠性高，为嫦娥六号探测器在月球背面采样返回任务提供了稳定可靠的中继通信服务，圆满完成了人类首次月球背面采样返回任务。鹊桥二号中继通信载荷在中国深空探测领域发挥了重大作用，为后续深空探测、载人航天工程、探月工程以及未来国际合作业务等任务的成功奠定了坚实的基础。

关键词: 鹊桥二号, 中继通信载荷, 任务分析, 方案设计, 软件无线电, 目标信号检测及跟踪, 设计验证

Abstract:

The Queqiao-2 relay satellite supports the fourth phase of China’s lunar exploration mission to land probes on the Moon. Its primary function is to facilitate communication between lunar surface exploration missions (Chang'e-6, Chang'e-7 and Chang'e-8, etc.) and ground stations, particularly for missions to the Moon’s far side and polar regions. The relay communication payload is one of the most critical and core components of Queqiao-2 relay satellite. The mission features, design and key technologies of Queqiao-2 communication relay payload are analyzed and introduced. A full digital modulation and demodulation function is developed for the forward and return links, considering factors like communication techniques, long-distance transmission, compatibility with multiple lunar probes, and engineering feasibility. This, combined with the ability to update software in orbit, makes the communication relay payload highly flexible and innovative. A key challenge is detecting and tracking multiple targets from high-dynamic signals of the return link. This is addressed by creating a dedicated algorithm to ensure stable communication. Since its launch in March 2024, the communication payload has been operating well in orbit with high reliability, which establishes a leading role in system technical performance around the world. It has provided stable and reliable relay communication for the Chang’e-6 lunar probe for sampling and return mission, successfully completing the world’s first lunar sample return mission from the far side of the Moon. The Queqiao-2 relay satellite's communication payload has played a significant role in China's deep space exploration, generating substantial economic and social benefits. It has laid a solid foundation for future deep space exploration, human spaceflight programs, lunar exploration projects and international cooperation.

Key words: Queqiao-2, relay communication payload, mission analysis, system design, software defined radio, large dynamic multi-target signal detection and tracking, design verification