中国空间科学技术

中国空间科学技术 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (1): 1-12.doi: 10.16708/j.cnki.1000-758X.2026.0005

• 面向星地融合的卫星互联网专题 •    

面向手机直连的低轨卫星网络通信技术

李静玲1,*，王显煜1，甄立2，孟庆治2，梁薇1，穆桐1，崔涛1，李倩1，崔万照1   

  1. 1.中国空间技术研究院西安分院空间微波通信全国重点实验室，西安710100
    2.西安邮电大学，西安710100
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-20 修回日期:2025-06-26 录用日期:2025-07-02 发布日期:2026-01-09 出版日期:2026-01-30

Overview of LEO satellite networking communication technology for direct-to-phone connectivity

LI Jingling1,*, WANG Xianyu1, ZHEN Li2, MENG Qingzhi2, LIANG Wei1, MU Tong1, CUI Tao1, LI Qian1, CUI Wanzhao1   

  1. 1.National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Space Microwave, CAST Xi'an, Xi'an 710100, China
    2.Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi'an 710100, China
  • Received:2025-05-20 Revision received:2025-06-26 Accepted:2025-07-02 Online:2026-01-09 Published:2026-01-30

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摘要： 为突破传统地面通信覆盖限制，构建全时全域无缝连接的手机直连天地一体化服务能力，对手机直连低轨卫星网络通信技术进行了系统性研究。首先阐述了手机直连卫星的应用背景、概念与内涵，继而给出了手机直连低轨卫星的网络架构，以及手机直连卫星所服务的个人与企业用户的业务特征及指标要求。针对手机直连低轨卫星三类主要技术路线的发展趋势、优劣势及技术演进进行了具体分析，并指出其发展面临的频谱资源严重受限、链路受限与功率失衡等关键问题与技术挑战，重点阐述了手机直连低轨卫星网络需要突破的频谱资源优化、5G/6G标准化协议演进、超大规模星载天线以及卫星网络资源高效管控关键技术。最后面向未来6G新型业务应用需求，提出了天地一体化网络架构、人工智能（AI）、天基算力网络以及无线通感算融合6G技术对于手机直连低轨卫星网络的新型赋能。上述系统性的阐述与分析，为手机直连低轨卫星网络通信技术的发展提供了切实可行的研究方向。

关键词: 手机直连低轨卫星, 标准化协议演进, 星载天线, 频谱优化, 资源管控

Abstract: To overcome the limitations of traditional terrestrial communication coverage and establish seamless, all-time, all-domain connectivity capabilities through direct-to-phone connection of integrated space-ground services, this study conducts a systematic review of communication technologies for direct-to-phone connection to LEO satellite networks. Firstly, the application background, concepts and connotations of direct-to-phone LEO satellite network are elaborated. Subsequently, the network architecture for direct-to-phone LEO satellite network is provided, along with the service characteristics and performance indicator requirements for individual and enterprise users. The development trends, comparative strengths, limitations, and technological evolution of the three main technical routes for direct-to-phone LEO satellite network are specifically analyzed. The key issues and technical challenges faced by LEO satellite network are identified, including severe spectrum resource constraint, link limitation and power imbalance, multi-user concurrent access collision, high dynamic spatio-temporal mismatch, and difficulties in ensuring continuity communication. Based on the foregoing analyses, the critical technologies for direct-to-phone LEO satellite network communication are distilled, such as spectrum resource optimization, the evolution of 5G/6G standardized protocols, ultra-large-scale satellite-borne antenna technology, efficient management and control of satellite network resources. Finally, to address the demands of 6G service applications, novel enabling roles of 6G technologies in direct-to-phone LEO satellite networks are proposed, including integrated space-ground architecture, AI-driven optimization, space-based computing networks, and wireless communication-sensing-computing convergence. This review offers a practical and feasible technical direction for the development of direct-to-phone LEO satellite network communication technology.

Key words: direct-to-phone LEO satellite, standardized protocol evolution, on-board satellite antennas, spectrum optimization, resource management and control