中国空间科学技术

中国空间科学技术 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (2): 48-56.doi: 10.16708/j.cnki.1000-758X.2026.0023

• 载人月球探测专刊 • 上一篇    下一篇

梦舟载人飞船零高度逃逸飞行试验起飞安全力学分析

李喜晟*，吴文瑞，梁福文，郝宝新，闫军，田林，马晓兵   

  1. 北京空间飞行器总体设计部，北京100094
  • 收稿日期:2025-10-08 修回日期:2025-12-22 录用日期:2025-12-31 发布日期:2026-03-20 出版日期:2026-03-31

Mechanical analysis of takeoff safety of 0-0 launch abort test for Mengzhou manned spacecraft

LI Xisheng*, WU Wenrui, LIANG Fuwen, HAO Baoxin, YAN Jun, TIAN Lin, MA Xiaobing   

  1. Beijing Institute of Spacecraft System Enginering, Beijing 100094, China
  • Received:2025-10-08 Revision received:2025-12-22 Accepted:2025-12-31 Online:2026-03-20 Published:2026-03-31

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摘要： 梦舟载人飞船零高度逃逸飞行试验起飞时刻多个关键环节并行，潜在的故障模式相互耦合导致故障机理复杂，故障的力学响应不明确。通过分析试验起飞时刻多种故障模式的力学行为，评估了零高度逃逸试验起飞的安全性。主要通过理论研究和数值模拟两种方法进行研究，针对不同故障模式下逃逸系统的载荷条件，推导了逃逸系统的关键部位最大载荷的理论公式，同时结合有限元分析以及动力学分析相互印证计算结果，根据力学分析结果给出了不同故障模式下逃逸系统结构是否破坏、是否具备逃逸能力以及逃逸后对弹道的影响，最后通过裕度分析对起飞安全性进行评估。通过力学分析，梦舟载人飞船零高度逃逸飞行试验起飞时刻4种故障模式的安全裕度均大于0.7，无安全性风险，仅有1种故障模式无安全裕度，作为中等级风险管理。通过对梦舟载人飞船零高度逃逸试验起飞安全的系统研究，提出了一套载人飞船逃逸起飞系统的力学分析方法：建立了舱间火工锁轴向载荷的理论分析模型；提出了针对每种故障模式的有限元分析和动力学分析的方法；明确了影响逃逸系统安全的关键力学特性。本文的研究方法可以推广至类似航天器逃逸试验或发射任务的起飞安全分析。

关键词: 梦舟载人飞船, 零高度逃逸飞行试验, 起飞安全, 有限元, 动力学

Abstract: At the takeoff time of the 0-0 launch abort test for Mengzhou manned spacecraft, multiple key processes are parallel. The potential fault modes of the key processes are coupled with each other, resulting in complex fault mechanisms and unclear mechanical responses. By analyzing the mechanical behavior of each fault mode at the takeoff time of the test, the takeoff safety of the 0-0 abort test is evaluated.The research is mainly conducted through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. According to the force conditions of the escape system under different fault modes, the theoretical formula for the local maximum load of the escape system is derived. At the same time, finite element analysis and dynamic analysis are combined to confirm the theoretical results. Based on the mechanical analysis results, whether the escape system under different fault modes has the structual damage, whether it owns escape capabillity, as well as the impact on the trajectory after escape are given. Finally, the takeoff safety is evaluated through margin analysis.Through mechanical analysis, there are four fault modes, the safety margin of which is greater than 0.7 during the takeoff of the 0-0 launch abort test. Only one fault mode has no safety margin and it is classified as a medium level risk.Through a systematic study on the takeoff safety of the 0-0 launch abort test of Mengzhou manned spacecraft, a set of mechanical analysis method for the escape system is proposed: a theoretical model for the axial load of the cabin pyrotechnic lock is established; the methods of finite element analysis and dynamic analysis for each fault mode are proposed;the key mechanical characteristics that affect the safety of the escape system are identified. The research method in this paper can be extended to the takeoff safety analysis of the escape tests or launch missions for similar spacecraft.

Key words: Mengzhou manned spacecraft, 0-0 launch abort test, takeoff safety, finite element, dynamics