中国空间科学技术

中国空间科学技术 ›› 2022, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (2): 117-124.doi: 10.16708/j.cnki.1000-758X.2022.0029

• 捕风一号专栏 • 上一篇    下一篇

星载GNSS-R海面风场观测载荷关键技术设计与验证

王延光，白照广，朱雪萍，王崇羽，韩琳   

  1. 1空间电子信息技术研究院，西安710100
    2航天东方红卫星有限公司，北京100094
  • 出版日期:2022-04-25 发布日期:2022-03-30

Design and verification of key technologies for space-borne GNSS-R sea wind field observation payload

WANG Yanguang，BAI Zhaoguang，ZHU Xueping，WANG Chongyu，HAN Lin   

  1. 1Academy of Space Electrical Information Technology, Xi’an 710100, China
    2DFH Satellite Co．，Ltd．，Beijing 100094，China
  • Published:2022-04-25 Online:2022-03-30

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摘要： 目前海面风场观测手段有限，基于全球导航卫星系统反射信号处理（global navigation satellite system reflection, GNSSR）的天基观测为全球风场信息获取提供了全新的手段。GNSSR海面风速探测技术具有全天时、全天候、低功耗、宽覆盖、多信号源、低成本等特点，日益获得了广泛的关注。由于GNSS系统设计之初的目标是面向全球用户提供基于无线电伪距测量的被动导航服务，并非设计为天基遥感辐射源，所以GNSSR反射信号具有观测点离散、信号功率弱、信号处理算法运算量大等特点。以捕风一号卫星为研究对象，对GNSSR信号处理算法和处理系统进行了研究。针对GNSSR信号特点和星载实时处理需求和约束，提出在短时循环相关和旋转变换的基础上配合动态相位补偿技术在数据处理不失真的条件下将GNSSR信号处理运算量减小到传统算法的1/8.99；同时设计了基于FPGA的反射信号处理系统,并完成地面及在轨试验。试验结果表明设计的GNSS-R信号处理系统和快速算法满足了卫星对实时5幅DDM处理的要求，DDM处理结果有效支撑了后续风场反演。

关键词: 星载GNSS-R, 海面风场观测, 载荷, 关键技术, 设计与验证

Abstract: At present, the sea surface wind field observation methods are limited. The space-based observation in view of global navigation satellite system-reflection (GNSS-R) provides a new approach for global wind field sensing. The GNSS-R sea surface wind speed sensing technology has the characteristics of allweather, low power consumption, wide coverage, multiple signal sources and low cost, which has gained widespread attention gradually. Since the designed GNSS system primitively aimed to provide global users with passive navigation services based on radio pseudo-range measurement, and not designed as a space-based remote sensing radiation source, the GNSS-R reflected signal had the cheracteristics such as scattered observation points, weak signal power and signal processing algorithm with large amount of calculations. Taking the BF-1 satellite as the research object, the GNSS-R signal processing algorithm and system were studied. In view of the characteristics of GNSS-R signal, the requirements and constraints of space-borne real-time processing, it was proposed to combine the dynamic phase compensation technology on the short-term cycle correlation and rotation transform to reduce the GNSS-R signal processing burden without distortion. The computational burden of the proposed algorithm was 1/8.99 of the one for the traditional circular correlation method, meanwhile a FPGA based GNSS-R signal processing system was designed. The pay load was tested on the ground and in orbit. The results show that the GNSS-R signal processing system and the proposed signal processing algorithm meet the satellite’s requirements (5-frame per second). The DDM results have be used in the wind field inversion effectively.

Key words: space-borne GNSS-R, sea wind observation, payload, key technologies, design and verification