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25 October 2023, Volume 43 Issue 5 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Progress and prospect in planetary exploration of solar system YANG Mengfei, ZHENG Yanhong, NI Yanshuo, HUANG Xiaofeng, ZHANG Zhengfeng, XING Zhuoyi 2023, 43 (5):  1-12.  doi: 10.16708/j.cnki.1000-758X.2023.0063 Abstract ( 634 )   PDF (10199KB) ( 1005 )   Save Planetary exploration is an important means of humans to understand the universe.With the continuous development of space technology，major space countries have carried out more than 100 planetary exploration activities in the solar system.Humans have realized the flyby，orbiting，lander，rover and sample return missions of solar system.Based on the implemented planetary exploration activities and upcoming missions，the main scientific issues and discoveries of planetary exploration were summarized.And the development tendency of planetary exploration was analyzed.According to the recent development plan of planetary exploration in China，a medium to longterm conceiving route and flagship mission have been proposed.It can provide support for the planning of future planetary exploration missions in China. Related Articles | Metrics

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Development of advanced electric propulsion technology for cislunar and deep space exploration WU Chenchen, GENG Hai, WANG Zitong, LI Detian 2023, 43 (5):  13-23.  doi: 10.16708/j.cnki.1000-758X.2023.0064 Abstract ( 352 )   PDF (7207KB) ( 626 )   Save Space electric propulsion is the key technology of cislunar and deep space exploration.Space electric propulsion technology，one of the key technology of cislunar and deep space exploration,was focused on.The technical connotation of space electric propulsion and its application status in China was introduced，and the typical international cislunar and deep space exploration missions based on electric propulsion was analyzed from the dimensions of mission characteristics，electric propulsion configuration，and application benefits.Aiming at the future development needs of China’s deep space exploration，the optimization application stratrgies of electric propulsion were introduced for five typical scenarios: lunar exploration，asteroid exploration，human Mars exploration，solar system boundary exploration and cislunar space scientific exploration，and the key technical systems and development priorities of advanced electric propulsion for deep space exploration were sorted out.Finally，according to the development idea of “one medium，one super，one micro”，suggestions on space electric propulsion technology development were given，which provide a reference for a wider range of applications of space electric propulsion in the field of cislunar and deep space exploration. Related Articles | Metrics

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Constellation coverage performance analysis based on Markov-ADC model SUN Jingyun, ZHANG Guoting, LIU Zhen, GUO Jie, WANG Jin 2023, 43 (5):  24-34.  doi: 10.16708/j.cnki.1000-758X.2023.0065 Abstract ( 174 )   PDF (3647KB) ( 296 )   Save Coverage performance is the basis for communication，navigation and remote sensing constellation to provide services.It is one of the important indicators to evaluate the effectiveness or health status of constellation system.On the basis of studying the coverage performance of large constellation in low orbit，a constellation health status evaluation model based on ADC（availability，dependability，capability）was proposed.The initial status probability of constellation was calculated by using the full probability formula combining with the availability of single satellite.The constellation state transition probability was put forward considering the failure rate and repair rate of a single satellite.The constellation coverage performance system was established based on four parameters：coverage weight，revisit interval，average access number per day，and the time required for full coverage.The objective weighting method and subjective weighting method were used to give the weight values to the parameters respectively.By the way of simulation and analysis，the health status values of the constellation are obtained，which can provide a basis for the design，optimization，maintenance and other issues of the constellation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Internal anti-collision safety analysis of LEO large-scale satellite constellation YUN Chaoming, HU Min, RUAN Yongjing, XUE Wen 2023, 43 (5):  35-45.  doi: 10.16708/j.cnki.1000-758X.2023.0066 Abstract ( 298 )   PDF (6196KB) ( 350 )   Save Aiming at the collision safety of large-scale constellation satellites in low Earth orbit（LEO），the maximum drift of constellation configuration was studied.Firstly，the minimum phase difference of satellite orbit plane was calculated based on the spherical triangle theory.Secondly，the constellation configuration parameters were studied by using the control variable method.The influence of configuration parameters on the minimum phase difference of constellation satellites was analyzed，and the relationship between the right ascension drift and the minimum phase difference was analyzed.A cooperative design method of constellation configuration parameters based on the minimum phase difference was proposed.Then，based on the relative phase analysis method，the function relationship between the right ascension drift and the phase drift with time was established.Finally，the first phase of Starlink constellation was taken as a reference object to verify the rationality of the collaborative design method of configuration parameters. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on system-level interference evaluation of non-geostationary satellite constellation PENG Fei, LIU Huiliang, SUN Qian, CHU Yao, BAO Xiaoyue, JIANG Fan, ZHANG Xinyu 2023, 43 (5):  46-55.  doi: 10.16708/j.cnki.1000-758X.2023.0067 Abstract ( 184 )   PDF (5173KB) ( 437 )   Save  The co-frequency interference analysis between NGSO（non-geostationary orbit）constellation systems usually used link-level interference evaluation indicators to judge harmful interference，but for constellation systems with multiple links，single-link-level indicators could not fully reflect the interference of the entire system.To solve this problem，a system-level capacity loss index was designed to evaluate the co-channel interference between constellation systems，and the probability distribution of capacity loss between hybrid configuration NGSO constellation systems was modeled and simulated.In the coexistence scenario of typical constellations，if the large constellations actively take interference avoidance measures based on space separation，the maximum system capacity loss would be reduced from 35% to 0. If small constellations take active interference avoidance measures，the maximum system capacity loss would deteriorate from 78% to 100%.The results show that，with the increase of the constellation scale，active avoidance measures can effectively mitigate the capacity loss caused by frequency interference；when the scale of constellation decreases，active avoidance measures will increase the risk of link interruption and cause system capacity deterioration.Finally，suggestions for interference avoidance strategies are proposed for constellations of different scales. Related Articles | Metrics

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Probability estimation and precision analysis of constellation distribution with analytical method LIU Huiliang, SUN Qian, CHU Yao, PENG Fei, JIANG Fan, LYU Hongjian, CAI Yaxing, WANG Ping 2023, 43 (5):  56-64.  doi: 10.16708/j.cnki.1000-758X.2023.0068 Abstract ( 228 )   PDF (6430KB) ( 293 )   Save With the scale of global loworbit constellations increasing，it is difficult for the conventional timedomain statistical method based on orbit extrapolation to meet the requirement of rapid probabilistic analysis of spatial distribution.Aiming at high efficiency and high precision analysis，a universal analytical expression of satellite constellation probability distribution was proposed and derived.The expectation of satellite in the field of view（FOV） of earth terminal was introduced for the first time.The applicability of the analytical algorithm for largescale constellation with different configurations was systematically verified.By comparing the results with the timedomain statistical method based on orbit extrapolation，the calculation accuracy was discussed.When the cell radius of FOV is equal to 10°，the error is less than 3.1%；when the cell radius is decreased to 2°，the error is less than 0.1%.In addition，the calculation accuracy of hybrid configuration constellation scenario under different latitudes was analyzed，which provides a theoretical foundation and efficient analytical method for analyzing the distribution of satellite constellation globally. Related Articles | Metrics

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DRL-based link planning algorithm for mega constellation satellite and TT&C XI Chao, YANG Bo, WANG Jirong, LI Gong, ZHU Ruijie, YANG Xiao 2023, 43 (5):  65-70.  doi: 10.16708/j.cnki.1000-758X.2023.0069 Abstract ( 240 )   PDF (2855KB) ( 384 )   Save Aiming at the planning of satellite and TT&C links in mega constellations，an intelligent planning and scheduling algorithm based on deep reinforcement learning was proposed.The resource competition and connection relationship between satellite and TT&C station were considered，the environment state was designed，and the allocation scheme of satellite to TT&C station was generated by sensing the satellite state and combining the action selection strategy.Iterative optimization of the strategy was performed according to the feedback reward value.The proposed algorithm was applied to the satellite and TT&C link planning task of the mega constellation system.The simulation results show that the proposed intelligent algorithm can improve the antenna utilization rate of TT&C station to more than 98%，and can effectively reduce the frequency of antenna switching.The trained model can quickly generate the satellite and TT&C link planning scheme within 30s according to the satellitebased visual window at the future time. Related Articles | Metrics

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Link characteristics analysis and design of circumlunar to earth laser communication LI Xiaoliang, LIU Rongke, LIU Xiangnan, ZHOU Yang, ZHAO Zhuo 2023, 43 (5):  71-78.  doi: 10.16708/j.cnki.1000-758X.2023.0070 Abstract ( 195 )   PDF (4080KB) ( 295 )   Save  For earth-circumlunar laser communication，a simulation model of the dynamic characteristics of laser communication link was established.The communication link characteristics were analyzed.Due to the earth occlusion，the total visible time of Kashi Station-circumlunar laser terminal for direct link or rely link are increased by about 4.5% and 6.5% compared to the Argentina Station，respectively.For the circumlunar terminal，the range of its ortation mechanism is -180° to 180° azimuth and -19° to +89.7° elevation，with 18.2μrad point ahead angle.Based on simulation results，the effect of sunlight interference was summarized.The changes of SEP or SPE angle of the laser communication link are approximately periodic，reaching a minimum value every 15 days.In laser communication link，the typical Doppler frequency shift is ±1.28GHz for the wavelength of 1550nm and the change rate of the Doppler frequency shift is 1MHz/s，so the communication system should be selected to suit the rapid changing of Doppler frequency.Based on the analysis，the link budget and signal system of circumlunar to earth laser communication link were proposed.The results can provide a reference for the design of circumlunar to earth laser communication. Related Articles | Metrics

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Maintenance system design and verification for space station manipulator end-effector ZHU Chao, ZHANG Wenming, HU Chengwei, TANG Zixin, LIANG Changchun, KONG Xu, LI Delun, WANG Youyu, ZENG Lei, ZHANG Xinrui 2023, 43 (5):  79-86.  doi: 10.16708/j.cnki.1000-758X.2023.0071 Abstract ( 246 )   PDF (6685KB) ( 347 )   Save  Maintenance is very important to extend the life span of the space station robotic arm.Aiming at the maintenance of the end effector of the robotic arm of the space station，the onorbit maintenance and repair tasks that have been completed on the International Space Station were investigated，and a scheme for the maintenance of the end effector of the robotic arm of the space station was proposed.Using the method of four-party collaborative operation，the system was carried out in a specific maintenance area to carry out systematic maintenance of the end effector of the robotic arm.The endeffector fault handling plan，maintenance strategy，maintenance tools，maintenance process and verification method were put forward，and a set of virtual maintenance simulation platform was built.The typical operation actions of the endeffector were verified by maintenance simulation，and the maintenance of the end effector of the manipulator was tested and verified by building a simulated maintenance scene on the ground.The results show that the operability，accessibility，visibility and safety of the maintenance of the end effector of the manipulator all meet the requirements.It can provide design guidance for the followup space station robotic arm maintenance work. Related Articles | Metrics

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Design and experiment of deployment mechanism for Mars subsurface radar LI Biao, ZHANG Congfa, SHENG Cong, FAN Junfeng, LIU Dong 2023, 43 (5):  87-93.  doi: 10.16708/j.cnki.1000-758X.2023.0072 Abstract ( 177 )   PDF (3509KB) ( 274 )   Save  Taking advantage of the characteristics that the deployment STACER can be used as an antenna，two sets of STACER were used to form a detection baseline，which solved the contradiction between the length requirement and the limited folding envelope in the TianWen-1 mission.Compared with other subsurface radar antenna deployment mechanisms，it was pointed out that the STACER had the smallest storage volume and the largest stow ratio，and was most suitable for applications where multiple sets of loads need to be installed.The composition and working principle of the STACER were described.The relationship between the mechanical performance and the configuration parameters was given.The calculation formulas of the driving force and the fundamental frequency of the STACER were obtained.The formulas show that the fundamental frequency is determined by the strip width，thickness，the root radius and tip radius.The driving force is in proportion to the elastic modulus，strip width，and the cubic of the strip thickness.The strip thickness has the greatest influence on the driving force.The fundamental frequency and driving force of the STACER are tested，and the test results are consistent with the analysis results. Related Articles | Metrics

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A method and validation of system accuracy improvement for digital sun sensors XIE Renyuan, WANG Beichao, LI Shuang, HE Yikang, WU Di, SUN Shuodong 2023, 43 (5):  94-100.  doi: 10.16708/j.cnki.1000-758X.2023.0073 Abstract ( 156 )   PDF (3680KB) ( 277 )   Save  A method of improving the accuracy of the attitude angle of a satellite obtained by a digital sun sensor was studied.Due to large systematic errors in directly computing the attitude angle by the sun sensor，the equations of nonlinear angle computation to modify refraction effects were given by the light propagation principle.Two computational methods of solving the nonlinear equations by control system software were proposed，including the specific implementation of spaceborne programming and computation.Finally，actual validation was performed by measured data.Compared with the previous uncorrected angle，the accuracy is improved by approximately 3.94°.It is improved from 0.04° to 0.02° compared with the multivariate function fitting method of other system error correction.The feasibility of spaceborne programming computation and the effectiveness of improving system accuracy were verified. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on fault-tolerant vibration control of cable network antenna based on fuzzy self-disturbance immunity WANG Wenhao, LIU Lei, LI Yang, WANG Hui 2023, 43 (5):  101-110.  doi: 10.16708/j.cnki.1000-758X.2023.0074 Abstract ( 135 )   PDF (7148KB) ( 127 )   Save  To deal with the problem that the failure of some actuators affects the accuracy of antenna surface in the vibration control of the space cable network，a fuzzy automatic disturbance rejection faulttolerant control method was designed based on the antenna dynamic model.Firstly，the vibration dynamics model of the antenna surface was established，including the antenna vibration dynamics model，the shape memory alloy actuator dynamic model and the actuator failure model.Then，a fuzzy faulttolerant vibration control method for selfdisturbance rejection control was designed to suppress the antenna surface vibrations without the failure of the actuator.In the case of actuator failure，the influence of failure on the accuracy of antenna profile was reduced and faulttolerant control was realized.Finally，the designed faulttolerant control algorithm simulation results show that fuzzy positive disturbance rejection faulttolerant control method can not only reduce the profile disturbance by 93%，but also control the loss of the actuator fault at 4%.The antenna surface vibration control method has good adaptability to actuator fault. Related Articles | Metrics

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Capture probability of S/Ka band antenna based on modified Rayleigh distribution ZHANG Pengfei, LIU Junfeng, ZENG Fanpeng, LU Gaofei, PAN Yingui 2023, 43 (5):  111-118.  doi: 10.16708/j.cnki.1000-758X.2023.0075 Abstract ( 91 )   PDF (5587KB) ( 91 )   Save  With the requirements of massive data transmission between satellite platform and ground sensors，the frequency band of data transmission has been extended from the traditional X band to Ka band.The Ka band satellite target with narrow beam and high dynamic puts forward higher requirements for the acquisition and tracking performance of ground receiving system.For different working models of the Ka band antenna，the influencing factors such as antenna tracking accuracy，electric axis consistency and search range in the capture process were analyzed.Then a capture probability model，which can be approximated to the modified Rayleigh distribution，was proposed.The sensitivity of different influencing factors to target acquisition was simulated and analyzed，and the properties of Ka band capture probability were summarized.Finally，the actual tracking of a certain device was verified and analyzed，which provides an analysis basis for effectively improving the capturing and tracking ability of Ka band antenna. Related Articles | Metrics

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Parallel algorithm of phase unwrapping based on GPU MAO Feilong, JIAO Yiwen, MA Hong, ZHANG Yuxiang, NIE Xinlin, GAO Zefu 2023, 43 (5):  119-131.  doi: 10.16708/j.cnki.1000-758X.2023.0076 Abstract ( 109 )   PDF (6973KB) ( 92 )   Save  Aiming at the problem of poor realtime performance of serial phase unwrapping algorithms for large amounts of data，a parallel algorithm of phase unwrapping based on GPU was designed.Firstly，the feasibility of typical serial unwrapping algorithm on GPU was analyzed，and then an unwrapping algorithm suitable for GPU parallel acceleration was designed.Finally，the parallel algorithm of phase unwrapping based on GPU was simulated and verified，and the test results show that：on the basis of ensuring the correctness of unwrapping，the parallel algorithm of phase unwrapping based on GPU is better than the traditional CPU serial unwrapping algorithm，and the acceleration ratio is about 3.5.The acceleration ratio of the parallel algorithm of phase unwrapping based on GPU is about 63 times compared with the serial algorithm of phase unwrapping based on GPU. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of space-borne SAR system video imaging capacity model based on frame rate YI Tianzhu, KANG Lihong, YU Xiaogang, SUN Xilong, ZUO Bin, ZHANG Yue, ZENG Liyi 2023, 43 (5):  132-137.  doi: 10.16708/j.cnki.1000-758X.2023.0077 Abstract ( 198 )   PDF (2836KB) ( 185 )   Save  ViSAR（video synthetic aperture radar），as a microwave remote sensing system，which can continuously monitor time-sensitive targets in the significant region in camera mode，has attracted more and more attention，but the analysis of video imaging capability of video SAR system is not thorough enough.Based on the SAR echo and the system parameters，a space-borne ViSAR imaging capacity model was presented，which can be used in the analysis of space-borne SAR potential application of video imaging.The X-band and Ka-band ViSAR parameters were used to simulate the SAR system video imaging capacity.With the same frame rate of ViSAR，the higher the frequency of the ViSAR system，the easier it is to form a SAR video with an independent frame rate；with the same azimuth resolution of ViSAR system，the larger the central squint angle，the greater the required ratio of the ViSAR overlapped sub-aperture.The research can support spaceborne ViSAR system design theoretically. Related Articles | Metrics