Table of Content

31 July 2026, Volume 46 Issue 4 Previous Issue   

For Selected:

Download Citations EndNote Reference Manager ProCite BibTeX RefWorks

Toggle Thumbnails

Select

Technological breakthroughs and prospects of the Major Project for High-Resolution Earth Observation System HOU Yukui, LI Ming 2026, 46 (4):  1-10.  doi: 10.16708/j.cnki.1000-758X.2026.0053 Abstract ( 130 )   PDF (3596KB) ( 102 )   Save The Major Project for High-Resolution Earth Observation System is one of the 16 major projects outlined in “The National Medium- and Long-Term Science and Technology Development Plan (2006-2020)”. Proposed in 2002 and completed its implementation evaluation in 2022, it spanned more than 20 years. The project broke through key technologies for multiple platforms and payloads, built a high-resolution Earth observation system, and greatly enhanced China’s capabilities in independent acquisition of high-resolution data and efficient guarantee of application services. Taking the full-cycle implementation practice of the major project as the research object, this paper reviews its conceptual origin and scheme demonstration approaches, analyzes key technical breakthroughs accomplished by the program, and summarizes landmark achievements covering product development, system construction, industrial promotion and system-of-systems Engineering. Combined with the development trends in the field of Earth observation, this paper prospects the future development of China’s related technologies, proposes the development directions of ultra-high performance, ultra-wide range, ultra-large scale and super-intelligence, and strongly supports the construction of a powerful space power. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Overview on the development of space solar power in China HOU Xinbin, DONG Shiwei, SHI Dele, WANG Li, LI Ming 2026, 46 (4):  11-26.  doi: 10.16708/j.cnki.1000-758X.2026.0054 Abstract ( 90 )   PDF (19585KB) ( 49 )   Save As an aerospace engineering system that collects and converts solar energy in space on a large scale and transmits electric power to the ground power grid via wireless means, space solar power (SSP) is once again receiving extensive attention from major spacefaring nations such as the United States of America, Japan, the Republic of Korea, the United Kingdom and Australia as well as relevant international organizations and private companies. China has officially carried out sustained and in-depth research in the field of space solar power since 2006. Over the past 20 years, remarkable research achievements with international influence have been made. This paper reviews the main development process of China's space solar power program, focusing on the proposed phased development roadmap for space solar power, the internationally representative innovative design schemes of space solar power with Chinese characteristics, and the important progress made in key technologies such as space high voltage and high power electricity generation and management, and high efficiency wireless power transmission. It also puts forward suggestions for further on-orbit verification of key technologies and phased large scale application and development of space solar power, so as to lay the foundation for broader development and utilization of space solar energy represented by space data centers. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

A conceptual framework for human-robot collaboration in manned lunar research station WANG Xiang, HUANG Zhen 2026, 46 (4):  27-37.  doi: 10.16708/j.cnki.1000-758X.2026.0055 Abstract ( 72 )   PDF (10682KB) ( 27 )   Save To address the extreme constraints on the Moon, including low gravity, intense radiation, large temperature fluctuations, lunar dust contamination and communication time delay, and to solve the problem of long-duration, wide-range and high-intensity scientific tasks for manned lunar research station, a human-robot collaboration framework adapted to the lunar environment is proposed. The characteristics of lunar exploration missions and the core values of human and robot in lunar surface operations are systematically analyzed. The irreplaceable roles of humans in unknown scenario judgment, precise manipulation, fault handling, and on-site emergency decision-making, as well as the auxiliary advantages of robots in repetitive tasks, heavy physical labor, operations in hazardous areas, and wide-area coverage detection are clarified. According to four functional scenarios, i.e. crew habitation, scientific experiment, resource development, and service support, the hierarchical task allocation between humans and robots is carried out, and the preliminary division principles for each functional scenario and task are established. Taking human-robot collaborative exploration as a typical mission, a collaborative exploration system consisting of extravehicular human systems, manned pressurized rovers, robots, lunar surface and ground support systems is constructed; a four-layer information interaction architecture including perception, decision-making, planning, and operation is designed; the four collaboration levels, including command control, decision management, approval management, and exception management are defined; and a safety-efficiency oriented selection process for collaboration modes is presented. The proposed human-robot collaboration mode can exploit the complementary strengths of humans and robots, providing a reference for the future construction and efficient operation of China’s lunar research station. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

On-orbit performance evaluation of the 2-D L-band Aperture Synthesis Microwave Radiometer for Chinese Ocean Salinity and Soil Moisture Mission LI Yinan, ZHANG Qingjun, CHEN Wenxin, ZHOU Wu, SONG Guangnan, YANG Xiaojiao, WANG Congcong, LI Pengfei, WU Yuanchao, JIANG Renzhi, LI Gang, LI Hao, ZHANG huan, ZHANG Liqiang, WANG Rui 2026, 46 (4):  38-50.  doi: 10.16708/j.cnki.1000-758X.2026.0056 Abstract ( 56 )   PDF (15526KB) ( 15 )   Save To analyze the on-orbit performance realization of the 2-D L-band aperture synthesis microwave radiometer (LASMR) aboard Chinese Ocean Salinity and Soil Moisture Mission (COSM), an in-depth study was conducted on the test results of the payload system, including both the ground verification tests prior to launch and the on-orbit function and performance tests. Prior to launch, ground verification activities-including antenna pattern testing, anechoic chamber point-source imaging, temperature control experiments, and aerial flight tests-were conducted to preliminarily validate the operational principle and core functional effectiveness of the payload system. During the on-orbit testing phase, systematic tests were carried out on the functional and performance metrics of the LASMR, including imaging capability, swath width, sensitivity, and salinity retrieval accuracy. The results show that: the imaging function operates normally; the ground swath width reaches 956km; the sensitivity attains 0.91K; the single-measurement accuracy of seawater salinity hits 0.28psu; and the accuracy is improved to 0.097psu after spatiotemporal averaging processing. The study demonstrates that the ground verification of the synthetic aperture radiometer was comprehensive, and its in-orbit performance is excellent, successfully achieving salinity detection precision surpassing 0.1 psu. This provides critical technological support for dynamic global ocean salinity monitoring. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Characteristics of disturbances in the upper mesosphere and impacts on the thermal environment of high-speed flight DU Tao, LI Huangli, GAO Wuhuan, HU Yanchen, ZHANG Jinzhe, LI Dong 2026, 46 (4):  51-60.  doi: 10.16708/j.cnki.1000-758X.2026.0057 Abstract ( 58 )   PDF (10489KB) ( 19 )   Save With the pursuit of higher performance for reusable launch vehicles, the high-precision atmospheric models including dynamic effects such as season and geography should be introduced to replace the currently prevalent annual average standard atmospheric model, enable high accuracy evaluation of thermal environment discrepancies during flight. Utilizing atmospheric parameters collected by the SABER payload on the TIMED satellite from 2002 to 2018, a study was conducted on the influence of statistical distributions of atmospheric parameters, based on typical monthly intervals, on the thermal environment of vehicles flying at high speeds in the upper mesosphere (70km and 80km) over latitudes typical of China's region. By normalizing the results from the standard atmospheric model, the effects of latitude variation and seasonal variation on the thermal environment of high-speed flight in the upper mesosphere were obtained, revealing distribution characteristics that deviate from the standard atmospheric model. The results show that seasonal variation has almost no effect on atmospheric distribution in equatorial regions, with the expected fluctuation range close to 53% of the heat flux predicted by the standard atmospheric model. Extreme high and low heat fluxes both occur in high-latitude regions. The engineering design method of using the standard atmosphere plus fixed biases is insufficient to cover such complex real-world variations. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Influence of canopy gore number on supersonic parachute performances ZHAO Shaoyin, ZHOU Yiwei, YANG Siyuan, BAO Wenlong, JIA He, RONG Wei, ZOU Tianqi, DAI Yurou, XUE Xiaopeng 2026, 46 (4):  61-71.  doi: 10.16708/j.cnki.1000-758X.2026.0058 Abstract ( 53 )   PDF (11258KB) ( 14 )   Save Supersonic parachutes serve as critical aerodynamic decelerators in deep space exploration missions. Their flexible canopies exhibit characteristics of nonlinear large deformation. The canopy shape significantly affects both aerodynamic performance and mechanical characteristics. The gore number plays a vital role in the inflation and deformation of flexible parachutes. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. To investigate the influence of the number of gores on inflation dynamics and aerodynamic performance, this study performed numerical simulations on Disk-Gap-Band (DGB) and conical ribbon parachutes with 16, 24, and 32 gores, employing the arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian fluid-structure interaction (FSI) method. The results showed that for the DGB parachute, parameters remained essentially unchanged as the gore number increased from 16 to 24. However, as the number further increased to 32, inflation time shortened significantly and the drag coefficient increased markedly, while the lateral force coefficient spiked. In contrast, the conical ribbon parachute behaved differently. Its inflation time decreased continuously with more gores, and the opening load rose steadily. The drag coefficient increased moderately, while the lateral force coefficient remained largely unchanged. These findings demonstrate that gore number exerts a nonlinear influence on parachute performances. While adding gores generally improves inflation speed and drag, excessive gores lead to a higher lateral force coefficient for DGB parachutes and a substantial increase in the opening dynamic load for conical ribbon parachutes. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Design and validation of highly integrated microwave power transmitting array for space solar power station WANG Ying, DONG Shiwei 2026, 46 (4):  72-81.  doi: 10.16708/j.cnki.1000-758X.2026.0060 Abstract ( 55 )   PDF (10839KB) ( 19 )   Save Space-to-ground microwave wireless power transmission is a critical enabling technology for space solar power satellites (SSPS). The microwave power transmitting array on the satellite converts DC power to microwave power, transmits the power toward the ground, and steers the beam with high precision. As critical onboard payloads for SSPS, these arrays demand strict lightweight design and high integration. A lightweight prototype using electromechanical-thermal co-optimization was designed and fabricated. The antenna structure, thermal control subsystem, integrated circuits, and cabling, were co-designed integrated into one unified structural system. This system delivers structural support, thermal management, electromagnetic radiation, and power distribution. A prototype with dimensions of 1m × 1m was developed and comprehensive experimental validation was conducted. Measured results show 19.9kg/m2 areal density, 874.9W/m2 power density, and 0.102° precise beam pointing accuracy. These results demonstrate that the co-optimization approach significantly improves array integration and reduces areal density while maintaining reliable and stable beam performance. The prototype advances the technology readiness level of microwave power transmitting arrays and provides solid and practical technical support for real future in-orbit demonstrations and SSPS construction. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Search andanalysis of dawn-dusk orbits around small-sized asteroids LI Guohao, LI Mingtao 2026, 46 (4):  82-92.  doi: 10.16708/j.cnki.1000-758X.2026.0059 Abstract ( 86 )   PDF (8879KB) ( 19 )   Save For the close-proximity exploration mission of small-sized asteroids, the search methods for dawn-dusk orbits near asteroids and the influencing factors of their stability were investigated. A high-precision dynamical model was established, which comprehensively considers the asteroid’s irregular gravity, solar radiation pressure, and solar gravitational perturbations. Based on the Sequential Quadratic Programming (SQP) algorithm, an optimization model was developed, focusing on the long-term stability of the orbital semi-major axis. This model was used to search for stable dawn-dusk orbits near the asteroid, and the impact of different conditions on orbital stability was analyzed. Numerical simulations successfully identified stable dawn-dusk orbit families for 30-meter-sized asteroids. The distribution of these orbits aligned with the theoretical balance point trend, validating the effectiveness of the approach. The analysis of different conditions showed that decreasing density and size, as well as increased rotation speed, led to lower orbital stability. The inclination of the rotation axis significantly influenced stability, though no monotonic pattern was observed. Among four typical asteroid shapes, near-spherical asteroids had smaller minimum stable orbital semi-major axes and higher stability, while dumbbell-shaped asteroids exhibited the opposite trend.The high-precision dynamical model and streamlined optimization method are effective for searching and analyzing dawn-dusk orbits in the gravitational fields of irregular asteroids under strong perturbations. These methods offer high practical applicability, and the analysis of various influencing factors provides valuable qualitative insights for future reconnaissance missions. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Progress in the study of Yarkovsky and YORP effects on Near-Earth Objects JIANG Molei, JI Jianghui, YING Jiajun, HU Shoucun 2026, 46 (4):  93-106.  doi: 10.16708/j.cnki.1000-758X.2026.0099 Abstract ( 32 )   PDF (4892KB) ( 11 )   Save As the most significant non-gravitational force, the Yarkovsky and Yarkovsky-O'Keefe-Radzievskii-Paddack (YORP) effects, jointly govern the orbital evolution of Near-Earth Objects(NEOs). They are indispensable for constraining physical properties and assessing impact risks. Over the past three decades, these effects have been widely applied to precise orbit determination and resolving key planetary science questions. Starting from the fundamental principles and theoretical models of both effects, this paper provided intuitive examples to clarify their mechanisms. New and past studies addressing identical problems were critically compared, with proposing plausible explanations of unreasonable conclusions and methodological improvements. We also summarized some recent observations. Through analysing dynamics and physical properties of NEOs in detail, previous studies have partially reconstructed the early solar system environment and addressed planetary formation and evolution challenges. However, there are still many deficiencies, so these goals will continue to guide future efforts to unravel unresolved questions.modulates the Yarkovsky effect. It is necessary to conduct integrated research. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Autonomous real-time precise orbit determination of low Earth orbit satellites based on Galileo High Accuracy Service LIU Xingyu, WANG Yubin, LI Min, LI Xiuxian, ZHAO Qile 2026, 46 (4):  107-118.  doi: 10.16708/j.cnki.1000-758X.2026.0061 Abstract ( 128 )   PDF (11057KB) ( 40 )   Save Low-latency, high-precision satellite orbits are critical for large-scale applications of low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellites, such as navigation augmentation and massive internet constellations. Therefore, researching real-time orbit determination for LEO satellites based on Galileo High Accuracy Service (HAS) holds significant importance for their widespread deployment. This paper evaluates the accuracy of broadcast ephemeris and HAS products for GPS and Galileo, and investigates and validates real-time orbit determination performance using onboard GNSS observations from a Chinese LEO satellite platform. First, using GPS LNAV, Galileo INAV broadcast ephemeris, and concurrent Galileo HAS correction data as the foundation, the availability and accuracy of HAS products are systematically evaluated. Analysis revealed that Galileo satellite availability reached 95.0%, while GPS only achieved 85.9%. Both GPS and Galileo orbital HAS products achieved accuracy better than 10cm, with clock offset standard deviations better than 0.3ns, representing significant improvements over broadcast ephemeris in orbit and clock offset precision. This study further employed HAS products to evaluate real-time high-precision orbit determination performance for low-Earth orbit satellites using onboard GPS and Galileo observations from Chinese satellite platforms. The real-time orbit determination accuracy for along-track, cross-track, radial, and three-dimensional components based on onboard GPS observations is 8.9cm, 4.1cm, 4.2cm, and 10.7cm, respectively, while the real-time orbit determination accuracy in all directions based on Galileo observations is 7.4cm, 3.7cm, 4.4cm, and 9.5cm, respectively, representing improvements of 58.5% and 30.1% over real-time orbit determination using broadcast ephemeris alone, demonstrating significant accuracy gains. After accounting for signal in space ranging error parameter compensation, real-time orbit determination accuracy based on GPS and Galileo broadcast ephemeris improved by 42.9% and 24.4%, respectively. In contrast, the improvement based on HAS ephemeris was limited, achieving only 4.5% and 10.4% enhancements. The study demonstrates that real-time precise orbit determination for LEO satellites based on Galileo HAS precise ephemeris achieves 10cm-level accuracy. This enables autonomous real-time orbit updates with high precision for LEO satellites, providing orbital position data support for real-time high-precision applications of LEO satellites. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Precise orbit determination for LEO satellites with different ionospheric spatiotemporal constraints GUO Rongxin, GONG Junpeng, GONG Xiaopeng, SONG Weiwei, GU Shengfeng 2026, 46 (4):  119-128.  doi: 10.16708/j.cnki.1000-758X.2026.0063 Abstract ( 46 )   PDF (2331KB) ( 16 )   Save To address the challenges of precise orbit determination (POD) for low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites under various ionospheric conditions, this study proposes an uncombined GNSS data processing method that incorporates spatiotemporal ionospheric constraints. Using onboard GNSS data from the Sentinel-6A satellite, we systematically compared the orbit determination performance of the ionosphere-free (IF) combination and four uncombined strategies with different ionospheric constraints during both geomagnetically quiet and storm periods. Results indicate that during quiet periods, all uncombined strategies outperformed the IF combination in terms of orbit accuracy. With limited observations, the strategy applying priori corrections and temporal ionospheric constraints performed best. Under sufficient observations, the strategy incorporating both priori corrections and spatiotemporal constraints achieved optimal performance, yielding a three-dimensional root mean square (3D RMS) error of 5.11cm for the combined GPS/Galileo solution. During storm periods, all strategies experienced accuracy degradation, while the IF combination remained more stable, with only a 3% average reduction in accuracy and a 3D RMS of 5.64cm for the GPS/Galileo solution. In terms of convergence time, the four uncombined strategies performed similarly and were all faster than the IF combination. Among them, the strategy incorporating priori corrections and spatiotemporal constraints converged in about 215s during quiet periods, increasing to approximately 286 s during storm conditions. These findings provide valuable insights for optimizing POD strategies for LEO satellites under varying ionospheric conditions. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Agility performance optimization for spacecraft with reaction wheels in pyramid configuration CHEN Shangshang, LIU Xiaoxiang, LEI Yongjun, HE Yingzi, HAO Renjian 2026, 46 (4):  129-138.  doi: 10.16708/j.cnki.1000-758X.2026.0064 Abstract ( 48 )   PDF (4247KB) ( 29 )   Save The agility performance of spacecraft with reaction wheels is primarily determined by the wheel configuration and allocation law. Due to the fact that complex allocation laws can easily lead to issues such as discontinuous speed commands for the reaction wheels, which in turn cause reliability problems, the pseudo-inverse allocation is the most widely adopted method in engineering applications. However, there are currently no reference guidelines for optimizing the reaction wheel configuration under this allocation. To address this issue, this study focuses on spacecraft with four identical reaction wheels in a pyramid configuration. The angular velocity and angular acceleration envelopes were derived and a methodology for optimizing the reaction wheel configuration was proposed. Firstly, the pseudo-inverse allocation was transformed into a linear algebraic constraint related to the angular momentum of individual wheels. Using spatial analytic geometry and linear system theory, it was proved for the first time that both the angular velocity and angular acceleration envelopes under the pseudo-inverse allocation are octahedrons. Subsequently, it was demonstrated that the optimal azimuth angle of the pyramid is zero. Thus the problem of designing parameters for attitude path was reformulated as the geometric task of identifying the maximum-area square within a right-angled triangle. Consequently, an analytical solution for both the maximum edge length and the corresponding skew angle of the pyramid was derived. Ultimately, the optimal configuration was determined by comparing the maximum edge lengths under each symmetry-axis layout. Simulation case studies showed that configuration angle optimization achieved a 27.2% expansion in both angular velocity and angular acceleration envelopes compared with conventional 54.74° skew angle, while symmetry-axis screening added a further 71.9% enhancement. By considering the most widely adopted wheel configuration and allocation law, the proposed methodology establishes a comprehensive theoretical foundation for analyzing the agility performance of spacecraft, quantitative benchmarks for attitude planning, and systematic optimization procedures for reaction wheel configurations. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Long-term NRHO design method based on multiple shooting segmentation under ephemeris model ZHU Yanwei, JIANG Xinyu, CHEN Yujie, ZHENG Qingbiao, WANG Peng 2026, 46 (4):  139-149.  doi: 10.16708/j.cnki.1000-758X.2026.0065 Abstract ( 86 )   PDF (9516KB) ( 16 )   Save Near linear halo orbit is a typical mission orbit for spacecraft in cislunar space. Due to the unique dynamic characteristics, the long-term stable and low-energy maintenance orbit that covers the spacecraft full life is required in engineering. To address key challenges such as NRHOs’ sensitivity to initial parameters and their tendency to diverge after multiple revolutions under high-precision dynamic model, a long-term NRHO design method based on multiple-shooting segmentation is proposed. The core idea involves dividing the orbit into several segments that can be converted into anephemeris model using the multiple-shooting technique, and then gradually stitching them together to form a complete long-term reference orbit in the ephemeris model. Furthermore, a low-energy maintenance control strategy based on the target-point method is employed to analyze the long-term station-keeping cost, thereby enabling performance evaluation of the designed orbit. The simulation analysis of L1 and L2 scenarios shows that the generated nearly linear halo orbit can last for more than 15 years, and the annual orbit maintenance cost is acceptable in engineering. The proposed design method is applicable for the generation of long-term near linear halo orbits in cislunar space L1 and L2, meeting the requirements of spacecraft full life orbit design. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Relationship between trafficability of extraterrestrial exploration mobile robots and soil mechanical properties YANG Weiqi, XING Yan, ZHANG Hongjia 2026, 46 (4):  150-159.  doi: 10.16708/j.cnki.1000-758X.2026.0066 Abstract ( 87 )   PDF (4090KB) ( 31 )   Save Planetary rover exploration is an effective approach to expand the scope and depth of extraterrestrial detection. Targeting mobility failure risks induced by soft terrains on extraterrestrial bodies, this work elucidates the inherent relationship between soil mechanical properties and robotic trafficability. Experimental studies are conducted on the relationship between rover trafficability and soil mechanical properties, including in-situ Bevameter measurements and prototype mobility tests. Qualitative relationships are revealed between soil mechanical parameters (cohesive modulus, frictional modulus, compression index, shear modulus) and sinkage/slip ratio. Trafficability comparisons are made for granular simulants (coarse sand and fine sand on flat terrain). The results demonstrate that these mechanical parameters are critical factors influencing soil trafficability, and exhibit positive correlations with both bearing-shear resistance and trafficability. The study validates the effectiveness of sinkage/slip-ratio-based indirect assessment for identifying non-geometric hazards and preliminarily reveals intrinsic correlations between soil particle morphology/composition and trafficability. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Optimization of maneuvering strategy for single-satellite protection against multi-satellite approaching RU Xiangrun, YUAN Ronghao, ZHANG Jin, SHEN Meixi 2026, 46 (4):  160-170.  doi: 10.16708/j.cnki.1000-758X.2026.0067 Abstract ( 36 )   PDF (7004KB) ( 16 )   Save A hierarchical optimization method for the maneuver strategy of a single guardian satellite is proposed to address the simultaneous approaching of multiple non-cooperative targets toward a large satellite on the orbit. The scenario was described based on approaching configuration parameters and mission constraints, and a task planning model was established for the guardian satellite to sequentially visit the multiple target satellites. A hierarchical framework combining the greedy local search and adaptive PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization) was designed to optimize the visiting sequence and time parameters. Numerical simulations were conducted to validate the proposed method. Results show that for problems with different numbers of targets (up to 8) and different approaching configurations, the hierarchical optimization strategy can achieve a success rate of nearly 100% with computation in seconds, and its comprehensive performance outperforms the five comparison algorithms. The intrinsic relationships between the approaching task factors (including total approaching task duration, approaching time difference, and relative position) and the guardian strategy as well as the total velocity increment are uncovered, providing valuable references for the design and control of high-orbit satellite guardian missions. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

A RUL prediction method for time-varying temperature control of hollow cathode based on WP-LSTM-Attention CAI Ang, CHEN Linying, SONG Renwang, SHI Hui, LI Jing 2026, 46 (4):  171-183.  doi: 10.16708/j.cnki.1000-758X.2026.0068 Abstract ( 106 )   PDF (6705KB) ( 12 )   Save Addresses the challenge of traditional physical models inadequately capturing nonlinear and time-varying degradation under complex operating conditions. A WP-LSTM-Attention method for predicting the Remaining Useful Life (RUL) of hollow cathodes under time-varying temperature control was developed. Firstly, A nonlinear time-varying Wiener Process (WP) model was established based on the hollow cathode’s emitter evaporation failure mechanism. Secondly, Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural networks were employed to extract multi-source time-series features. The Multi-Head Attention Mechanism(MHAM) under temperature control was utilized to assign weights to degradation-sensitive features, enabling prediction of Wiener model parameters and degradation trends. Optimized parameter back propagation through a joint loss function achieved physics-data dual-driven updates. Finally, The Probability Density Function (PDF) of the RUL was derived using the first hitting time concept. The results demonstrated that, compared to single physical or data-driven models, the proposed model achieved a 22.81% reduction in Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and an 18.11% reduction in Mean Absolute Error (MAE). These results validated the model’s effectiveness and accuracy for LaB6 hollow cathode life prediction in few-sample scenarios. The conclusion demonstrates that integrating physics with data-driven approaches significantly enhances prediction accuracy and robustness. This research provides a novel methodological pathway and technical support for lifetime prediction of LaB6 hollow cathodes. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Global modeling and multi-dimensional feature alignment for cross-domain change detection WANG Guofang, YAN Yijun, ZHOU Fangrong, WANG Taoyang, LI Zhilin 2026, 46 (4):  184-195.  doi: 10.16708/j.cnki.1000-758X.2026.0069 Abstract ( 86 )   PDF (11296KB) ( 13 )   Save The significant performance degradation of change detection models, caused by distribution shifts due to different regions and sensors in satellite remote sensing images, was investigated. This study aims to enhance the model's adaptability to unlabeled target domains in unsupervised scenarios.A novel cross-domain change detection network, Swin-CDCD, which integrates Swin Transformer and adversarial feature alignment, was proposed. First, a siamese Swin Transformer backbone was constructed as the feature extraction network, leveraging its hierarchical window attention mechanism for powerful long-range dependency modeling to significantly improve the representation of change features in bi-temporal remote sensing images. Furthermore, a self-attention-based discriminator was designed to meticulously capture and align inter-domain feature distribution discrepancies through global dependency modeling. Lastly, a dual-space feature alignment (DFA) strategy was introduced, which innovatively conducted joint adversarial learning on both the holistic temporal features and the difference features, effectively enhancing the model's sensitivity to genuine changes and reducing false alarms and missed detections caused by domain shift. Extensive bidirectional cross-domain experiments on the LEVIR-CD and WHU-CD datasets demonstrated that the proposed method significantly outperformed various existing unsupervised domain adaptation baselines. Specifically, it achieved F1 scores of 82.71% and 79.04%, and Intersection over Union (IoU) values of 70.52% and 65.35% on the L2W (LEVIR-CD→WHU-CD) and W2L (WHU-CD→LEVIR-CD) tasks, respectively, confirming its superior detection accuracy and generalization capability in complex cross-domain scenarios. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Performance evaluation of QZSS navigation message authentication service XI Jintao, LIU Ting, CHEN Xiao, YAO Jinjie, SU Xinyan 2026, 46 (4):  196-204.  doi: 10.16708/j.cnki.1000-758X.2026.0071 Abstract ( 86 )   PDF (9273KB) ( 13 )   Save In response to the vulnerability of civilian satellite navigation signals to spoofing attacks, Japan's Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS) began to provide the Quasi-Zenith Satellite Navigation Message Authentication (QZNMA) on the L1C/A frequency in 2024, which greatly enhanced the QZSS system's anti-spoofing capabilities. To evaluate the performance of the Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA) authentication services, the QZSS navigation message authentication technical architecture and authentication protocol are studied, the generation of authentication messages and authentication process based on the ECDSA authentication protocol are analyzed, and simulated navigation messages with authentication data are generated using actual measurement data. The performance of the QZNMA authentication service is then verified through simulation. The results show that the QZNMA authentication error rate is 1.48% (BER = 10-5), the time between authentications is 240 seconds, and that the time to first authentication is 260.71 seconds. Compared with the Galileo Open Service Navigation Message Authentication, QZNMA has significant gaps. The research results can provide reference and guidance for the selection of authentication protocols for future BeiDou Navigation Satellite System navigation message authentication services. Related Articles | Metrics